Relationship formation Essay Example for Free

Relationship formation EssayA relationship is an encounter with a nonher person or a group of throng that endures over era. It happens with celebrities even though you dont meet them. Derrick (2008) discovered how these fake relationships (parasocial relationships) could provide a safe route for people who have a difficult time with real interpersonal relationships. People with low self-esteem can use parasocial relationships to feel closer to their ideal selves (i.e. the person they would rather be than the person they in reality are). Relationships are important to social well being. They are characterised by features including the following responsibility, giving,, taking, rules (for e.g. you cant sleep with your friends ex- quisling) and roles (best friend, wife, daughter mother etc).There are two primary(prenominal) theories that explain why relationships are formed. I am going to begin with the reward/need satisfaction model (Byrne and Clove, 1970) this suggests that bo th operant and classical condition play a part in relationships. This theory states that we learn to associate with people for positive and enjoyable situations even if they are not flat honour us in these instances. In other words, we enter a relationship that rewards us the most or give us the most pleasure. As in the of import when time is spent with others we have a laugh and feel happy, vibrant and awe few. Whereas when we spend time alone we tend to feel sad and lonely to some extent lethargic.Also, this theory uses conditioning and reinforcement. Classical conditioning is when we associate with pleasure rather than being directly rewarded. In contrast, operant conditioning is when we are directly rewarded such as through gifts, companionship and sex. Positive reinforcement is when you are rewarded by compliments for example. On the other hand negative reinforcement is achieved by taking something good away from you such as you split with your boyfriend still to make the sadness go away from splitting up with your partner by sleeping with someone else or going out with someone else (rebound).Therefore, this relationship is based on negative reinforcement as you are tortuous in the relationship to take away the upset and sad feelings you have. In addition May and Hamilton (1980) asked fe priapic students to say how much they liked the look of male students (strangers), whose photographs they were given. Some students viewed them while pleasant medicine was being played. Others looked at the photographs while unpleasant music was being played. A comparison (control) group viewed the same pictures, but no music was played. As predicted in the hypothesis, the students who had heard the pleasant music while looking at the photographs liked the men best and rated them more attractive.This and many a(prenominal) experiments (e.g. Cunningham, 1998) have video displayn that positive effect (feeling/emotion) can lead to attraction. However this experiment didnt take into account individual differences as participants may like the unpleasant music retributive as much as the pleasant music. Also doesnt take into account gender differences as the type of music played may not affect males on their scoring.Overall, the reward/need satisfaction model doesnt take into account that giving may provide people with pleasure rather than just receiving. Hays (1985) found when examining student friendships as much value was given to rewarding the other person than as being rewarded oneself. Participants in relationships are a great deal more concerned with equity and fairness in rewards and demands than with the desire to maximise their own benefits. Furthermore, this model tends to focus on western cultures hence lacks ecological validity. In non -western cultures you tend to be rewarded for being like everyone else rather than individualistic so being in a relationship wouldnt be rewarding in these cultures. cumulus (1972) showed that kinship bonds are very influential resilient not dependent on reinforcement. Indicating social relationships are more commonly found in these countries and show little concern for the receipt of reinforcements. In addition this theory doesnt take into account gender differences as women are more focused on the ineluctably of others, with men it is against their machismo and manliness, who are orientated towards the gratification of their own needs, (Lott, 1994). However it could be argued that meeting the needs of others might be reinforcing in itself.Moreover, the matching hypothesis (Walster et al, 1966) suggests that sensual attractiveness is the main thing we look for in a correspond and that we are attracted to those that are similar to us. Further research lead to the following main theories socially desirable individuals seek out other socially desirable individuals and matched couples tend to be more successful than unmatched couples. When we are choosing a mate we are influenced by desirability and the probability of the person saying yes (realistic choice). Murstein (1972) supports the theory that physical attractiveness is the main factor when forming a relationship (the matching hypothesis).Murstein argues that individuals sign attraction towards each other in the formative stages of a relationship depends on available costs that indicate their social desirability (e.g. physical attractiveness). data collected in the real world shows strong evidence for the matching effect in correlational studies conducted with actual couples (e.g. Murstein 1972, Silverman 1971). In these studies the attractiveness level is heedful for each partner for actual couples.