Analysis of Articles about Legalizing Marijuana Essay

Analysis of Articles about Legalizing Marijuana - Essay Example Howard is convinced that people who are pushing for the legalization of pot are not concerned about the health of the chronically ill but are concerned about them getting high. Granderson, on the other hand, asks the people to be more accepting towards marijuana and seems resigned that people will always take them whether they are legal or not. He further emphasizes the fact that everyone has at one point or another and so it would be more reasonable to accept that fact and legalize it (Granderson). Howard accuses proponents of legalizing marijuana of being weak and relying on marijuana to be high and to carry on their day to day issues. He makes his points from a strict point of view where he urges people to do something more constructive with their lives (Samuel). Granderson, on the other hand, postulates that marijuana is not as harmful as people make it out to be. He says that people who insist on making marijuana look evil do not have enough facts about its use and that more and more people are more accepting of the use of marijuana (Granderson). Howard, on the other hand, believes that Marijuana will make a society of lazy people with no future and thus should not be encouraged. While people who oppose the legalization of marijuana have very strong and valid points while those who propose it also have points that need to be taken into consideration. However, the side effects of marijuana far outweigh the benefits of legalizing it. I agree more with Howard in that people need to do more useful things with their lives other than smoking marijuana and watching television the whole day. When people are under the influence of marijuana, their mental capacities are compromised and they are unable to think in a logical manner. This means that they may end up doing things that they would otherwise not do when they are not high on anything.  

Ethics in Urban Planning Essay Example for Free

Ethics in Urban Planning Essay What is the law on eminent domain all about? Eminent Domain is the power of the State over all the properties within its jurisdiction, both public and private. The purpose being to empower the State to appropriate property for public use – for new and road widening projects, bridges, military installations, public parks and even urban renewal (Larson, 2004). In case of private properties, how does eminent domain apply? Well, properties that the Government deems as vital for public use and welfare can be seized from private owners based on the provisions of the law on eminent domain. But the Constitution, particularly the Fifth Amendment, guaranties that â€Å"No person shall be †¦ deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation† (Hornberger, 2005). Is the law on eminent domain ethical? The answer is an absolute no. It may be legal but it does not hold any moral definition. It is still classified as large-scale theft that is backed up by legal parameters. We live based on the principles of morality that abhors theft. In fact, the customs and laws of all civilized societies prohibit any form of banditry. In the exercise of our individual freedom, we as a people have the right to use our property in ways we deemed fit – unless we infringe on the rights of other people (Tenney, 1995). In our democratic system, do we exercise our right of suffrage to make stealing legal? It sounds like people casting their votes simply because they wanted your property sequestered. Where do ethics apply then? What are the consequences? Basically, the law on eminent domain was enacted to provide a leeway for the government in the planning of its developmental projects. Projects include road improvement, probably runway extensions or perhaps public hospitals. Private lands are purchased by the government for this purpose, based on a fair market value and as guaranteed by the Constitution. This provision becomes necessary so that the government can proceed with development without the process of lengthy litigation. Lately however, the scenario has been altered with the law on eminent domain applied even on urban renewal. This is where the abuse of discretion engages a number of government officials, all in the guise of development. This scheme is morally repugnant though it does not end at that point because with the eminent domain as the carrot stick, this marginally reduces the purchase price of the property. What has government got to do with it (Tenney, 1995)? Remember that development plans rests solely on the hands of government, so a slight deviation on the zoning area reclassification would normally affect property values. Imagine if your property lies on a commercial zone and the government suddenly establishes it as part of an industrial zone, the real estate property value is likely to plummet due to rising environmental concerns. The consequence is you are likely to sell it at much reduced price. But this scheme is just the tip of the iceberg, as more devious schemes are in the offing. The most unforgiving plan of government involves the declaration of a specific area as suffering from urban blight. Blighted areas, for purposes of urban renewal, refers to areas that in the process of deterioration being a haven of uncontrolled vices (drug addicts, alcoholics and other scum of society) where the crime rate is really high or an area that is already rendered useless which may include vacant lands and air rights. Who will then determine if the property falls under the category of blighted areas? This will be up to the discretion of the government and most likely this is where abuse is glaringly documented, particularly in cases where the government is in cahoots with property developers. When this happens, government has the right to raze the property and sell it to developers with the intention of making it into an attractive urban development (Blight, 2001). In most instances areas that are declared â€Å"urban blights† normally conforms to urban redevelopment. Areas that suffer from these types of classifications are low-cost housing communities with correspondingly low revenues where homeowners who have been in domicile for years while paying regular amortization to secure rights to the property. In these instances, these homeowners are suddenly met with the prospects of relocation. With the area categorized as such, the real property value is extremely low that the proceeds of the sale are not even enough to pay for the downpayment for another unit in a new housing development site (Parlow, 2007). What about areas in commercial districts that have been subjected to the process of eminent domain? The owner may have lived or conducted business in the area for the past twenty years but the government has the temerity to invoke the provisions of eminent domain to take control of said property simply because the adjacent school needs a playground or perhaps a football field. Where do ethics come in or is this just plain common sense? If you are the owner of the property, will you be not in arms to stop the proceedings? Where is morality then? We trumpet the virtues of democracy to the outside world and yet in our own backyard we practice anarchy (Parlow, 2007). This will all redound to displacement of all families affected by the claws of eminent domain. Families will be evicted from their properties good if there is a ready site for relocation at least people can endure the inconvenience. But in most cases no relocation areas have been secured. Families will now be subjected to the task of searching for a new place as a consequence of eviction. What about their transportation need to and from work, school for their children and perhaps the affordable medical services that were readily available in their previous area (Blight, 2001). The final consequence maybe and I hope that this will not be met by evicted homeowners or storeowners or they could be relegated as the new scum of society, being degraded to a bunch of homeless citizens that have the potential of creating troubles for the government. The government shall have increased the problems associated with the housing needs and get the ire of the population. What then has this accomplished for the government in the end? Nothing, except perhaps that it compounds the problems of the locality (Hornberger, 2005). The law really smacks moral decadence, for how can you humanly evict families from their abodes without paying them fairly. Some may have inherited the property and as an ancestral abode, no amount would suffice in return for its sentimental value in the same way that no amount could compensate for the Statue of Liberty, being the symbol of freedom that Americans deeply treasure. How can you possibly sell an heirloom – a gift from the people of France, this is no longer a question of ethics, not even morality though it borders on bad taste and greed. What are the effects? Proponents of the measure on eminent domain will always sing the sad melody of development. Be that as it may, we can never stop development from happening because it is dictated by the social status of the locality. But can we not negotiate with property owners so they can also profit from the property they have tenuously preserved and paid for? It is more of a question of fair value for their property, an issue that is often ignored. Even for this gesture alone, the government, particularly the developers will benefit from the support and approval of the property owners. Let us not bully our neighbors by invoking the right of eminent domain, because that simply will not work. Who then does not desire physical development? When it means convenience to the inhabitants, particularly interchanges, super-highways, a modern airport terminal, a dazzling sports arena, an upbeat school campus or a modern hospital. Urban development on formerly blighted areas will be a big boost to the local trade as new shopping malls, five-star hotels, office towers and condominiums will be constructed. The local labor force will benefit as well, since hundreds or maybe thousands of jobs will be made available. It will be a shot in the arm for the local economy since development will encourage a lot of investors to take a chance on the improved infrastructure facilities. The government will likewise benefit from increased revenues and create more funds to finance the needs of local inhabitants. But most of all, this would drastically alter the locality’s image and skyline for the better. With a booming economy, the government can now plan ahead. Maybe exploit some more the bonanza that the new development concurred and build additional facilities to meet the increasing population requirements. As the citizen’s quality of life improves, new facilities will be needed, housing shortage will be felt, traffic congestion is possible as more and more cars will ply the streets and entertainment will be the call of the majority. The problems associated with crime and security will quadruple, new personnel will be added, police cars and gadgets will be required by our law enforcement agencies. There will be no stopping, once the wheel of development starts to roll. Then when everything seems to have settled and everybody is accustomed to the set-up, the arms of development will try to break the already serene environment. So the government will now invoke their right of eminent domain and the result, chaos strikes once again. It will be an unending cycle. The population will simply have to bear inconvenience and unfair treatment in the name of development. It is in the outlying implementation of eminent domain that government failed because officials can be motivated only with the expected revenues from the urban renewal project to disregard their main advocacy and moral obligation to its constituents – to promote, protect, and upheld the rights of the populace. Conclusion The moral and ethical question of the law on eminent domain had been subjected to criticisms from all sectors of society. It may be an effective tool for government to spice up development, but it oftentimes falls oppressive to many property owners. Sadly, the people’s right to their property has been trampled once again with no less than the Supreme Court of the United States stamping its approval on the right of government to invoke the provisions of eminent domain. Consider this. In 1954 the Supreme Court gave a ruling in a controversial case that â€Å"effectively gave government officials unlimited power to confiscate and redistribute lands†, arguing that â€Å"the concept of public welfare is broad and inclusive. The values it represents are spiritual as well as physical, aesthetic and monetary. It is within the power of the legislature to determine that the community should be beautiful as well as healthy, spacious as well as clean, well-balanced as well as carefully patrolled† (Tenney, 1995). The comment of the High Court was indeed a chilling premonition since this gave government officials the legal right to evict anybody from their properties when necessary and at their convenience. In effect this erased the intentions of our forefathers and the framers of the Constitution the absolute right of individuals to hold on to their properties (Tenney, 1995). Just recently, in a new and daunting case of Kelo vs. City of New London, Connecticut, the High Court upheld the previous ruling of 1954. In fact after due proceedings, a notice was posted at the door of the petitioner’s home stating that the petitioner have four months to vacate the property or else power police power will be used to prosecute the order based on the power of eminent domain (Larson, 2004). Is the ruling even fair? Is it morally correct to inflict undue suffering to the respondents? And is it ethical? The answer is no. That is why all the States of the Union are putting up legislations to curb the damning influence and abuse on the power of the law on eminent domain. How it will affect the future, your guess will be as good as mine!

Achondroplasia :: Free Essay Writer

ACHONDROPLASIA is known as being undersized, or less than 50in. in height. Having short limbs, a normal sized trunk, large head with a depressed nasal bridge and small face. This is a result of a disease in the thyroid gland. It can also be caused by Down syndrome or absorption, a cartilaginous tissue during the fetal stage. Hypochondroplasia, a mild form of dwarfism. Spinal tuberculosis and the deficiency of the pituitary gland secretions. Treatment with thyroxin or thyroid extract early in childhood results in normal growth and development. Somatrophin, also known as the human growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary. Respiratory problems start to occur in infants. Symptoms of problems include snoring and sleeping with neck in a hyperextended condition. The limbs have rhizometic shortening. The legs are straight in infantry but when a child. He begins walking they develop a knock-knee position. When the child continues to walk legs begin to have a bowed-leg look. Occasi onally, these curvatures are fixed. As the child continues to walk the kyphosis disappears and the back assumes a lordotic posture. If a delay in child’s walking occurs, the spine should be monitored closely for signs of gibbous formation. In infancy, hypercephalus can occur. Infants head circumference should be monitored close . Monthly checks of head circumference must be monitored. Radiologic studies are indicated if head circumference raises to disproportionately, or if symptoms of hydrocephalus. Child’s pediatrician should have a copy of head circumference curves for children with achondroplasia. Radiologic procedures for dwarfism include head ultrasound, C-T scan, or MRI of the head. If intervention is necessary, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is placed relieving the pressure. Infants should also be monitored for foramen magnum compression. It is the opening at the base of the skull in which the brain stem and cervical spinal cord exit. When you have achondroplasia the foramen magnum is compressing the brain stem and spinal cord. Symptoms of narrowing include apnea the cessation of breathing and cervical myleopathy. C-T scans and MRI scans are done to examine the size of the infectious foramen magnum. A neurosurgical procedure called a foramen magnum decompression is executed to alarge foramen and alleviate further symptoms. Adolescents are at risk of getting lumbosacral spinal stenosis. The lumber spinal cord or nerve roots become compressed producing nerosurgical symptoms. Initial symptoms including weakness, tingling, and pain of the legs. Pain usually alleviated by assuming a squatting position.

Hinduism and Buddhism Essay

Hinduism and Buddhism are two of the renowned religions world widely. Hinduism is the religion of the great majority of the people of India. The word comes from the Sanskrit sindhu, â€Å"river,† and originally referred to the Indus. Hinduism is actually a collection of many native Indian religions, past and present. It is responsible for the social structure of India, especially for the caste system (a hereditary class system). Hinduism has about 20 sects, with beliefs that range from primitive forms of animism to the highest reaches of mysticism and philosophy. Many of the sects and cults seem to be separate religions. Yet all have a family relationship since they spring from common traditions and thrive. Hindus believe in rebirth, or reincarnation, and in what they call the law of karma. Under this law the conditions of each new lifetime are determined by the actions of the preceding life. To the Hindu, salvation consists of liberating the soul from attachment to worldly desires in order to gain union with Brahman. If a Hindu dies liberated he must be born again into this world and again endure its suffering (Stutley, 2004). The Vedas describe four main castes. 1. The Brahmins exercise spiritual power. (Brahmin is also spelled Brahman). 2. The Kshatriyas are warriors who exercise secular power. 3. The Vaisyas are merchants and cultivators. 4. The Sudras are artisans and laborers. Hindu worship for most part takes place in the home. A Hindu temple or shrine is considered an abode of deity and is not used for communal worship. There are kinds of Hindu clergy. Temple priests collect offerings and care for the temples and shrines. Domestic priests perform rites involving births, marriages, and deaths. Gurus are spiritual teachers. Sadhus are monks; most live in monasteries, but many live as wandering mendicants (beggars) (Chaudhuri, 1999). While Buddhism is a religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama (â€Å"Buddha,† or â€Å"The Enlightened One†) in India about 500 B. C. Buddhism is the chief religion of Burma, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Kampuchea, Laos, and China. It has been estimated that about one-fifth of the world’s people are Buddhists. Because many Buddhists also practice Confucianism or Taoism, however, some authorities estimate world membership to be much smaller. In the United States, there are a number of organized Buddhist congregations (Carrithers, 2003). Buddhism consists of numerous sects with varying practices and beliefs. Some of these sects are so different from the others that they appear to be separate religions. But all sects have in common the belief that they are following the principles laid down by Gautama. Early Buddhism, the religion as taught by Gautama, developed into two branches—Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism (Mizuno, 2001). Although Buddhism was originally a reform movement that rejected certain beliefs and practices of Hinduism, the two religions have several important beliefs in common. Among them are reincarnation, the ideas that a living thing can be reborn in a new body; the law of karma, which holds that events in life are effects whose cause lies in previous lives and acts; and liberation, or salvation, the state of being free of the law of karma and rebirth (Conze, 2002). According to Buddhism, liberation is attained through understanding and practice of the Four Noble Truths: 1. There is suffering in life. 2. Suffering is caused by desire for pleasure, existence, and prosperity. 3. Suffering and rebirth cease when one ceases such desires, leading to enlightenment, or Nirvana, a blessed state in which peace, harmony, and joy are attained. The Eightfold Path is also called the Middle Way—because of its emphasis on avoiding such extremes as following sensuous pleasures on the one hand, and self-punishment on the other. The Buddhists must at all times observe in the high moral principles described in the Eightfold path, which emphasizes nonviolence and the brotherhood of all. Reference: 1. Carrithers, Michael. The Buddha (Oxford University 2003). 2. Chaudhuri, N. C. Hinduism: A Religion to Live by (Oxford University, 1999). 3. Conze, Edward. A Short History of Buddhism (Allen & Unwin, 2002). 4. Mizuno, Kogen. Basic Buddhist Concepts (Tuttle, 2001). 5. Stutley, Margaret & James. Harper’s Dictionary of Hinduism: Its Mythology, Folklore, Philosophy, Literature, and History (Harper & Row, 2004).

Rock “N” Rap

Homework 12 Rock ‘n’ Rap Gabriel Gonzalez Block: 4 It costs the company an average of $15,000 to produce a rock CD and an average of $12,000 to produce a rap CD. Also, it takes about 18 hours to produce a rock CD and about 25 hours to produce a rap CD. The company can afford to spend up to $150,000 on production next month. Also, the company will spend at least 175 hours on production. The company earns $20,000 in profit on each rock CD it produces and $30,000 in profit on each rap CD it produces. But the company recently promised its distributor that it would not release more rap music than rock. The company needs to decide how many of each type of CD to make. Note: It can make a fraction of a CD next month and finish it the next month after. Graph the feasible region. X- # of Rock CD’s; Y- # of Rap CD’s *Available Money: X15+Y12*175 18(0)+25y=175†¦. 25y=175†¦175/25=7=y, x=0 18x+25(0)=175†¦. 18x=175†¦175/18=9. 7=x, y=0 *X>*Y†¦(More Rock CD’s must be made than Rap CD’s) X=0, y0 a. Find at least three combinations of rock and rap CDs that would give the company a profit of $120,000, and mark these points in one color on your graph. The combinations do not have to be in the feasible region. ) Profit=x20,000+y30,000 x=6, y=0 x=0, y=4 x=3, y=2 b. In a different color, mark points on your graph that will earn $240,000 in profits. x=12, y=0 x=0, y=8 x=9, y=2 x=3, y=6 x=6, y=4 Find out how many CDs the company should make of each type next month to maximize its profit. It should make 5 and five ninths of each CD to maximize profit. I know this because this is the highest point in the feasible region. Explain how you found an answer to Question 3 and why you think your answer gives the maximum profit. I know this because this is the highest point in the feasible region. I it’s hard to tell exactly just by graphing so the problem must be solved algebraically. I know that the lines â€Å"x=y† and â€Å"15,000x+12,000y-150,000† intersect at the highest point of the feasible region. Because x is equal to y, both coordinates must be the same. I inserted 3 different coordinates for both x and y and got that the coordinates (5. 6,5. 6) will give me the greatest profit that is closest to 150,000. A Rock ‘n’ Rap Variation Suppose the conditions were the same as in homework 12 except that the profits were reversed. In other words, suppose the company made $30,000 profit on each rock CD and $20,000 profit on each rap CD. Profit: 30,000x+20,000y Would this change your advice to the company about how many CDs of each type to produce to maximize its profit? If so, how many of each type should the company make, and what would be the profit? Explain your answer. My answer would stay the same because x will still be equal to y, and the money available to spend won’t change. Since these are the only two lines that are taken into account, my advice would stay constant.

Transforming Taiwans Economic Structure in the 20th Century

Transforming Taiwans Economic Structure in the 20th Century Introduction Between the colonization of Taiwan in 1895, and the Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998, Taiwan has transformed economically in a major way. The financial crisis in Asia was caused by the shortage of foreign exchange, underdeveloped financial sectors, the role and use of IMF funds, and the effects of this crisis on the rest of the world.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transforming Taiwans Economic Structure in the 20th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Taiwan, the dollar was being forced downward as a result of this crisis; this forced the government to sell its foreign exchange reserves. This reaction caused the stunted economic growth and more problems in the financial and banking sectors. The economy of Taiwan gradually transformed from an agrarian based economy when they were under the Japanese empire to industrialization, and later into information technology. Taiwan followed USA and Japa n closely in the innovation of information technology products. Several structural changes took place in the three successive regimes (nationalist, authoritarian and democratic) such as sector composition and ownership pattern. The Taiwan state has been involved in rigorous activities towards economic modernization. The state has focused on agricultural development, which has helped Taiwan to have excesses in taxes. The Taiwan regime (KMT) allowed experts to establish industrialization strategies. Industrialization has been of great help to Taiwan by shaping the industrial structure and encouraging investment. Thus, the challenge of globalization and Asian financial crisis did not affect Taiwan. The transformation of Taiwan economy has taken place in different phases such as, the era of colonization between 1895 and 1941 and its effect on economic development, the effect of regime changes on the economy and the effect of democratization, globalization and Asian financial crisis on t he economic development of Taiwan (Tun-jen 20).Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Colonization Development Western countries had colonies in Asia such as Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia; However, Japan was main colonial power in Asia. In success and wealth, Korea and Taiwan are among the leaders in Asia and the World. These two countries were both colonized by Japan, and they share unique qualities as colonies of Japan. Korea and Taiwan have developed quickly in economic growth and democratization more than other countries in Asia. The Japan colonies had different experiences as compared to the Western colonies; furthermore the legacies left the countries with different states of democracy. Taiwan was Japan’s first colony, and its colonization was as a result of Japan’s need of economic prosperity and income from Taiwan. The introduction of industrialization by the J apanese helped coax the economy of Taiwan. In the first colonial decade, the Japanese undertook projects such as improvement of transportation which led to economic development. They also carried out analysis and review of land registers, and this led to an increase in tax revenue collection, property rights were made clear and made land transactions easier (Tun-Jen 21). In the second decade, the Japanese introduced sporadic analysis and review of population, land and natural resources. This helped improve the labour supply and management system. In the third and fourth decades, the Japanese installed irrigation and power plants which improved agricultural productivity and industrialization. Education and sanitation was improved by the Japanese colonial power in Taiwan. The level of literacy in Taiwan improved tremendously between 1905 and 1935. Financial institutions and agricultural parastatals were founded to improve agricultural production and trade. Introduction of banks and co -operatives into the rural areas transformed the economic structure of Taiwan. The Japanese concentrated on agricultural expansion and improvement of farming technology with an aim of promoting the agrarian economy. Agricultural production increased tremendously in Taiwan making it a base for production of both agricultural and industrial goods. Sugar and rice were the major exports from Taiwan to Japan, and fertilizer and textile were imported from Japan (Tun-Jen 23).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transforming Taiwans Economic Structure in the 20th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Japanese practiced taxation and tenant ownership of sugar plantation in the rural areas of Taiwan. This led to transformation of economy in the rural areas of Taiwan. Industrial development improved rapidly in the rural areas as a result of the use of new technology on the sugar and rice plantations. The Japanese also allowe d the Taiwanese to form corporations without any interference from the Japanese. The colonial power improved education and encouraged small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) because they thought it was means to transforming Taiwanese primitive economy into modern, functional economy. Heavy investment in industry and infrastructure by the Japanese led to socio-economic development in Taiwan (Tun-Jen 24). Regime Transition and ISI Taiwan had a longer colonial period than Korea, and it was not disrupted by external powers or civil war after decolonization. KMT Regime received political power from the former empire. Japanese intellectuals who were left behind helped the Taiwan state to strengthen trade and investment projects. With the developments of the colonial power in place, the KMT regime had it easy because they had to restore the industry and infrastructure. The legacy they had inherited was destroyed during the civil war immediately after take over from Japan (Tun-Jen 24). Th e KMT regime had inherited 94 heavy industries and 484 light industries. These heavy industries were immediately transformed into state enterprises, and the light industries were sold off in an auction. This helped in creating wealth for the state, thus improving the economy. The economy improved as a result of either gold shipment from the mainland into Taiwan or financial aid from America. This point has not been clearly established yet, because American aid was given at a high interest rate. Technocrats coming in from countries such as Japan helped in formulating land reforms, restoring rural infrastructure and increasing agricultural productivity (Tun-Jen 25).Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The new government needed more civil servants for their institutions such as schools and hospitals. Besides the labour expenses, the government had to incur defense expenses caused by KMT’s taking of the mainland. The KMT regime received foreign aid, which helped the state to redistribute land reforms and give property rights to land tillers (Tun-Jen 25). Rice and sugar became the main export items in Taiwan with some being used in the internal market and some for the export market. This was done so as to stabilize prices and earn the state foreign exchange. The government used extraction of agricultural surplus to pay wages and use incentive to promote industries. The government started exporting goods from the light industries, and this helped improve the economy of Taiwan. During this time market direction, ownership and industrial composition became transformed hence, improving the economy. Market opportunities were recognized by technocrats who encouraged people to ventu re into industrial entrepreneurship. Import substitution industrialization (ISI) promoted the production of consumer goods that were not durable into the domestic market. This led to the slow growth of economic development and subsequently led to unemployment. After persuasion from Chinese and American economist, the KMT regime decided to change the direction of the Taiwan economy by changing some policies. Some of the changes were evaluating the exchange rate, devaluing the currency and promoting export trade and investment of the private sector. Therefore, the government increased industrial export; employed laborers made foreign earning the main source of capital for the economy (Tun-Jen 26). The government used short-term export financing, tax incentives, import duty rebates and FDI (foreign direct investment) to promote exporting industries. It also set a development fund in 1973 with the aim of assisting investors and industries. The state put in place tariff protection and im port restriction policies to implement structures for high-end chemical products. The government also increased lending to SMEs and agricultural sectors had access to loan facilities (Tun-Jen 31). In 1970’s, the industrial sector was not improving; thus the technocrats advised the government to upgrade the industrial production. Through state financial institutions, the government offered industries long-term loans to assist in the advancement process. However, this policy did not work well in the automotive industries, but there were better results in industrial tools industries and computer sector. The gaps between savings and investment and between export income and import demands were filled by foreign aid. Aid assisted in the improvement of food and textile industries in Taiwan at the same time it helped set up plastics, glass and cement industries. Development of the private sector was facilitated by the availability of American aid and other factors. Since the regime c oncentrated on heavy industry, the light industry was developed by the private sector (Tun-Jen 28). Liberalization, democratization and Asia’s Financial Crisis In the 1980’s the Taiwanese economy was under pressure of liberalization as a result of its undervalued currency and the pile up of its foreign reserve which was affecting the local stock exchange and real estate markets. Therefore, the government was forced to allow the Taiwanese dollar to appreciate about 35% against the US dollar and remove some restriction in its foreign exchange policy. At this time, tariffs were lowered and non-tariff barriers removed. However, democratization forces slowed down liberalization as some political forces blocked tariff reduction (Tun-Jen 34). The various changes facing the Taiwan industries from all angles such as import competition, FDI inflow and export pressure caused the government to make radical changes. Local entrepreneurs started making direct investment in foreign co untries as a strategy to increase development. The local markets underwent transformation as a result of de-regulation and democratization. Monopolies faced political democratization; hence the government de-regulated the organizations. As a result, foreign corporations were licensed to form domestic business groups and joint ventures domestically. Taiwan’s GDP and employment rate improved, the country became a capital exporter and SMEs became multinationals. Conclusion With the economic transformation and structural changes the government has in place its policies for management of the economy. The state endeavors to provide promising industries manpower, technological support and support traditional industries in designing their products. The government policies helped Taiwan to withstand the Asian financial crisis. The government uses economic incentives and technological support to encourage industrialization. SMEs have been the basic means to development in Taiwan. Taiwa n has chosen a simple approach to foreign capital which has helped it stand the test of time (Tun-Jen 39). Work Cited Tun-jen, Cheng. Transforming Taiwans Economic Structure in the 20th Century. The China Quarterly 165 (2001): 19-36 pp. 27 Mar. 2012 https://www.jstor.org/.

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Jose Miguel Carrera - Biography of Jose Miguel Carrera

Jose Miguel Carrera - Biography of Jose Miguel Carrera Josà © Miguel Carrera Verdugo (1785-1821) was a Chilean general and dictator who fought for the patriot side in Chiles War for Independence from Spain (1810-1826). Together with his two brothers, Luà ­s and Juan Josà ©, Josà © Miguel fought the Spanish up and down Chile for years and served as head of government when breaks in the chaos and fighting allowed. He was a charismatic leader but a shortsighted administrator and a military leader of average skills. He was often at odds with Chiles liberator, Bernardo OHiggins. He was executed in 1821 for conspiring against OHiggins and Argentine liberator Josà © de San Martà ­n. Early Life Josà © Miguel Carrera was born on October 15, 1785 into one of the wealthiest and most influential families in all of Chile: they could trace their lineage all the way to the conquest. He and his brothers Juan Josà © and Luà ­s (and sister Javiera) had the best education available in Chile. After his schooling, he was sent to Spain, where he soon became swept up in the chaos of Napoleons 1808 invasion. Fighting against the Napoleonic forces, he was promoted to Sergeant Major. When he heard that Chile had proclaimed a provisional independence he returned to his homeland. Josà © Miguel Takes Control In 1811, Josà © Miguel returned to Chile to find it ruled by a junta of leading citizens (including his father Ignacio) who were nominally loyal to the still-imprisoned King Ferdinand VII of Spain. The junta was taking baby steps towards real independence, but not quickly enough for the hot-tempered Josà © Miguel. With the support of the powerful Larrain family, Josà © Miguel and his brothers staged a coup on November 15, 1811. When the Larrains tried to sideline the Carrera brothers afterwards, Josà © Manuel initiated a second coup in December, setting himself up as dictator. A Nation Divided Although the people of Santiago grudgingly accepted the dictatorship of Carrera, the people of the southern city of Concepcià ³n did not, preferring the more benign rule of Juan Martà ­nez de Rozas. Neither city recognized the authority of the other and civil war seemed certain to break out. Carrera, with the unwitting aid of Bernardo OHiggins, was able to stall until his army was too strong to resist: in March of 1812, Carrera attacked and captured the city of Valdivia, which had supported Rozas. After this show of force, the leaders of the Concepcià ³n military overthrew the ruling junta and pledged support to Carrera. The Spanish Counterattack While rebel forces and leaders had been divided among themselves, Spain was preparing a counterattack. The Viceroy of Peru sent Marine Brigadier Antonio Pareja to Chile with only 50 men and 50,000 pesos and told him to do away with the rebels: by March, Parejas army had swollen to some 2,000 men and he was able to capture Concepcià ³n. Rebel leaders formerly at odds with Carrera, such as OHiggins, united to fight off the common threat. The Siege of Chilln Carrera cleverly cut off Pareja from his supply lines and trapped him in the city of Chilln in July of 1813. The city is well-fortified, and Spanish commander Juan Francisco Snchez (who replaced Pareja after his death in May 1813) had some 4,000 troops there. Carrera laid an ill-advised siege during the harsh Chilean winter: desertions and death were high among his troops. OHiggins distinguished himself during the siege, driving back an attempt by the royalists to break through patriot lines. When the patriots managed to capture a part of the city, the soldiers looted and raped, driving more Chileans to support the royalists. Carrera had to break off the siege, his army in tatters and decimated. The Surprise of El Roble On October 17, 1813, Carrera was making plans for a second assault on the city of Chilln when a sneak attack by Spanish troops caught him unawares. As the rebels slept, royalists crept in, knifing the sentries. One dying sentry, Miguel Bravo, fired his rifle, alerting the patriots to the threat. As the two sides joined in battle, Carrera, thinking all was lost, drove his horse into the river to save himself. OHiggins, meanwhile, rallied the men and drove off the Spanish despite a bullet wound in his leg. Not only had a disaster been averted, but OHiggins had turned a probable rout into a well-needed victory. Replaced by OHiggins While Carrera has disgraced himself with the disastrous siege of Chilln and cowardice at El Roble, OHiggins had shone at both engagements. The ruling junta in Santiago replaced Carrera with OHiggins as commander-in-chief of the army. The modest OHiggins scored further points by supporting Carrera, but the junta was adamant. Carrera was named ambassador to Argentina. He may or may not have intended to go there: he and his brother Luà ­s were captured by a Spanish patrol on March 4, 1814. When a temporary truce was signed later that month, the Carrera brothers were freed: the royalists cleverly told them that OHiggins intended to capture and execute them. Carrera did not trust OHiggins and refused to join him in his defense of Santiago from advancing royalist forces. Civil War On June 23, 1814, Carrera led a coup that put him back in command of Chile. Some members of the government fled to the city of Talca, where they begged OHiggins to restore the constitutional government. OHiggins obliged, and met Luà ­s Carrera on the field at the Battle of Tres Acequias on August 24, 1814. OHiggins was defeated and driven off. It appeared that more warring was imminent, but the rebels once again had to face a common enemy: thousands of new royalist troops sent from Peru under the command of Brigadier General Mariano Osorio. Because of his loss at the battle of Tres Acequias, OHiggins agreed to a position subordinate to that of Josà © Miguel Carrera when their armies were united. Exiled After OHiggins failed to stop the Spanish at the city of Rancagua (in large part because Carrera called off reinforcements), the decision was made by patriot leaders to abandon Santiago and head into exile in Argentina. OHiggins and Carrera met again there: prestigious Argentine General Josà © de San Martà ­n supported OHiggins over Carrera. When Luà ­s Carrera killed OHiggins mentor Juan Mackenna in a duel, OHiggins turned forever on the Carrera clan, his patience with them exhausted. Carrera went to the USA to seek ships and mercenaries. Return to Argentina In early 1817, OHiggins was working with San Martà ­n to secure the liberation of Chile. Carrera returned with a warship that he had managed to acquire in the USA, along with some volunteers. When he heard of the plan to liberate Chile, he asked to be included, but OHiggins refused. Javiera Carrera, Josà © Miguels sister, came up with a plot to liberate Chile and get rid of OHiggins: brothers Juan Josà © and Luà ­s would sneak back into Chile in disguise, infiltrate the liberating army, arrest OHiggins and San Martà ­n, and then lead the liberation of Chile themselves. Josà © Manuel did not approve the plan, which ended in disaster when his brothers were arrested and sent to Mendoza, where they were executed on April 8, 1818. Carrera and the Chilean Legion Josà © Miguel went mad with rage at the execution of his brothers. Seeking to raise his own army of liberation, he collected some 600 Chilean refugees and formed the Chilean Legion and headed to Patagonia. There, the legion rampaged through Argentine towns, sacking and plundering them in the name of gathering resources and recruits for a return to Chile. At the time, there was no central authority in Argentina, and the nation was ruled by a number of warlords similar to Carrera. Imprisonment and Death Carrera was eventually defeated and captured by the Argentine Governor of Cuyo. He was sent in chains to Mendoza, the same city where his brothers had been executed. On September 4, 1821, he too was executed there. His final words were I die for the liberty of America. He was so despised by the Argentines that his body was quartered and put on show in iron cages. OHiggins personally sent a letter to the Governor of Cuyo, thanking him for putting down Carrera. Legacy of Josà © Miguel Carrera Josà © Miguel Carrera is considered by Chileans to be one of the founding fathers of their nation, a great revolutionary hero who helped Bernardo OHiggins win independence from Spain. His name is a bit besmirched due to his constant bickering with OHiggins, considered by Chileans to be the greatest leader of the independence era. This somewhat qualified reverence on the part of modern Chileans seems a fair judgment of his legacy. Carrera was a towering figure in Chilean independence military and politics from 1812 to 1814, and he did much to secure Chiles independence. This good must be weighed against his errors and shortcomings, which were considerable. On the positive side, Carrera stepped into an indecisive and fractured independence movement upon his return to Chile in late 1811. He took command, providing leadership when the young republic most needed it. The son of a wealthy family who had served in the Peninsular War, he commanded respect among the military and the wealthy Creole landowner class. The support of both of these elements of society was key to maintaining the revolution. During his limited reign as dictator, Chile adopted its first constitution, established its own media and founded a national university. The first Chilean flag was adopted during this time. Slaves were freed, and the aristocracy was abolished. Carrera made many mistakes as well. He and his brothers could be very treacherous, and they used devious schemes to help them remain in power: at the Battle of Rancagua, Carrera refused to send reinforcements to OHiggins (and his own brother Juan Josà ©, fighting alongside OHiggins) partly in order to make OHiggins lose and look incompetent. OHiggins later got word that the brothers planned to assassinate him if he had won the battle. Carrera was not nearly as skilled a general as he thought he was. His disastrous mismanagement of the Siege of Chilln led to the loss of a great portion of the rebel army when it was most needed, and his decision to recall the troops under the command of his brother Luà ­s from the battle of Rancagua led to a disaster of epic proportions. After the patriots fled to Argentina, his constant bickering with San Martà ­n, OHiggins and others failed to allow the creation of a unified, coherent liberation force: only when he went to the USA in search of aid was such a force allowed to form in his absence. Even today, Chileans cannot quite agree on his legacy. Many Chilean historians believe that Carrera deserves more credit for Chilean liberation than OHiggins and the topic is openly debated in certain circles. The Carrera family has remained prominent in Chile. General Carrera Lake is named after him. Sources: Concha Cruz, Alejandor and Maltà ©s Cortà ©s, Julio. Historia de Chile Santiago: Bibliogrfica Internacional, 2008. Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence Woodstock: The Overlook Press, 2000. Lynch, John. The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826 New York: W. W. Norton Company, 1986. Scheina, Robert L. Latin Americas Wars, Volume 1: The Age of the Caudillo 1791-1899 Washington, D.C.: Brasseys Inc., 2003.

Environmental Fluid Mechanics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Essay Example Underground streams, in caves are considered open channels as long as they have free surfaces. Natural channels are usually irregular in cross section and alignment and in character and roughness of stream bed. Streams with erodible material may frequently or continuously shift their location and cross-section. Such irregularities and changes in natural streams introduce engineering problems, for example, in navigation and flood control, which treats only of flow in fixed channels of uniform roughness. Artificial channels are those that are built for various purposes. In water power development, water is brought from streams or reservoirs to head works above water plants. In irrigation, water is brought from streams or reservoirs to storage ponds or tanks or directly to lands to be irrigated. In the city water supply, water is brought from streams or storage reservoirs to ponds supplying city distribution systems. Sewerage, city sewerage, although usually covered conduits or pipes, o rdinarily are designed as open channels because they are not supposed to flow but to have a free surface under atmospheric pressure. In drainage, low-lying, swampy, or waterlogged lands are frequently made productive by draining them through open ditches or by laying and covering pipe which may or may not flow full. In flood control, protection of cities or valuable lands from floods often requires improving a natural channel by straightening, cleaning, or paving to increase its capacity, or buy building additional flood channels on new locations. Design of the open channel: From the topographic map that was taken from the Data Library, University of Edinburgh, the first thing to be done is to modify further the topographic map. The designation of elavations to 1(one) meter interval to get the precise elevation of the pathway of the proposed design of the open channel is important. From the modified topographic map, we are now able to pinpoint the exact location or track of the open channel. From the elevation of Esthwaite water which is 65 meters, it will flow down to an elevation of 39 meters which is the elevation of Windermere Lake. The analysis of the critical points of the channel is very necessary because it will determine the design of the open channel to be constructed. The length of the open channel is approximately 3.25 kilometers from Esthwaite Water to WindermereLake. Assign point 0+000 at the mouth of the channel which is at southern most tip of Esthwaite Water. Hence, cross-section of the open channel track at a 100 meters interval must b e plotted in order to make the specific design or the slope and elevation at that particular place or station. Aside from the plotting of the 100 meter interval of the proposed track, critical points must also be noted and, cross sectional drawings must be done. This is to make sure that the design of the open channel is efficient, and that the estimate to be done in the construction is factual. But as we can see from the open channel layout map, the elevation from the southern tip of Estwaite Water which is station 0+000 to station 2+000 is constant. But at station 0+030, the channel will have to cross a road. The road elevation is at approximately 67 meters as shown in the map, therefore the channel

Academic Freedom and Duty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Academic Freedom and Duty - Essay Example Knowledge should improve, with the coming of new ideas and facts every day. This freedom is important for the better good of education. Without this freedom, it would be difficult for the public to know the truth concerning concepts to enable them to improve their understanding of academic concepts (Nelson, 2010, p 2. L 20). The first freedom states that teachers have a right to conduct research in whatever area they desire to improve their performance when exercising academic duties. Research is a basic tool of learning through which scholars expand their knowledge and come up with related concepts. It is through research, that scholars could identify flaws, which could have been present in texts. Knowledge represents ideas that one researched and presented depending on the evidence and findings. There could have been flaws in the past that occurred due to the poor methods of research then. With modern technology in place, scholars can revisit the concepts with new hypothesis and ideas (Nelson, 2010, p 1, L 15). The second freedom is that the teachers have a right to discuss their own relevant ideas in class. With good research in place, the teachers could come up with ideas that relate to the topic in class. Such ideas could be absent in the course text, but still be a matter of importance for discussion in class. The teachers, however, should be keen not to introduce irrelevant material during lessons in class. In addition, controversial ideas should not come up during a discussion in classes. Topics relating to religion could be sensitive when discussed in classes. In as much as there is freedom of speech and academic freedom, religion, and such sensitive issues could result to complications that limit other people’s right,s (Krell, 2010, P 261, L 14).

Nurses Attitudes towards Euthanasia Research Paper - 1

Nurses Attitudes towards Euthanasia - Research Paper Example Nurses must deal with these problems keeping in mind the legal and professional implications of making any decision. A nurse must constantly combine â€Å"ethical reasoning and clinical judgment† (Nelson. 2006).   Medicine and advances in science and technology have led to an improvement in the quality of life and have resulted in the prolongation of the lifespan of an average person. This, in turn, leads us to one of the biggest ethical debates that nurses face and that is with respect to the withdrawal of care leading to a patient’s death or euthanasia. In Belgium and the Netherlands, laws declare that euthanasia is legal â€Å"under carefully delineated circumstances† and the Belgian euthanasia act defines it as the â€Å"administration of lethal drugs at the explicit request of the patient with the explicit intention of shortening the patient’s life† (Berghes, Casterle, & Gastmans, 2005). Nurses are involved in end of life care and its withdrawal or administration of lethal drugs internationally and so their position in this ethical debate is very important and brings them to the front stage. End of life care poses ethical dilemmas for nurses because it is hard for them to witness suffering and they have the urge to end it. In addition, there are inadequate resources like few hospital beds in the Intensive Care Unit, different value judgments and the moral distress in ending a person’s life despite their request for the nurse to do so (Oberle, Hughes, 2001). This debate has ethical, cultural, religious, moral, and legal nuances that add to the nurses’ distress.   The key element in this debate is the fact that autonomy is very important as stated in the Belgian euthanasia act too.

Why do you think the way you think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why do you think the way you think - Essay Example I do not prefer change when something is working fine for me. I do not analyze or evaluate when something is not clear or accurate to me. I believe that being a narrow minded person there is no harm. I enjoy being a narrow minded, and I have not faced any serious problems in my life yet. I think that everyone has the right in this world to learn or understand others. I have not been into any complex process which makes me think less critically. Being narrow minded I am not open to new ideas. At times, I am dependent on objects, tools and machines rather than ideas of others but sometimes I think the way other people think or have experienced in their life. There are some situations where I lack in gathering information. I do not communicate with others that much regarding the problems I face. I do not search for evidence when making decisions. I do not make analysis on ideas and sometimes lack in understanding the concepts, information and attitudes. I do not judge people extremely quickly. During reasoning, I sometimes make common mistakes and face confusions. My thinking is based on my emotions and as a result I sometimes involve myself in arguments on things which I do not know. Sometimes I face problems in making others clear about my ideas because of lack in confidence. I always get hooked up by the usual and safe things. I have always preferred a safe side. In my life, so far, I have not stretched my efforts towards critical thinking as I think that I am not in th at stage. I always prefer to explore and accomplish things on my own rather than relying on others. I always prefer working with tools, objects etc instead of depending on ideas, people and data. Being a realistic person I am more of a practical mind, aggressive in nature and conservative at times. However, my communication level might be low because I do not tend to get involved in social activities. At

Public relations and advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public relations and advertising - Essay Example The main genre is not to sell products but to provide effective messages or ideas. In such cases the ads look to become as an instrument to stimulate the social awareness in the society (Kolb, 2008). Ads related to social services are much more than simple tokenism. Therefore, such ads should have a sign of professional excellence that motivates people towards action. Many veterans marketing and PR professionals have also emphasized upon the fact that it is very important to make sure that ads have an agreed statement which can generate specific and if possible actions (Wenderoth, 2009). Challenges Just like any other medium of mass communication ads and public relations also have certain negative aspects. In the competitive market the advent of various ad agencies along with the arrival of the billions of products, ideas or services to satisfy the needs of the clients. As a matter of fact this seemed to have become the most important objective of the marketers. Various cases of misl eading and false information in ads have been found (Burgemeister, 2003). However, the issues of the false information can have serious consequences in case of educational and public services. Education is lot more different from other products and services. People would indulge in getting education throughout the life and the risks involved while making consumer behavior is immense. Most of the times, the educational institutions use placement and job assistance as the main USPs to attract the students. But many times it has been seen that the promises made by the educational intuitions through the ad and PR campaigns have not been kept. Many times it has also been found that students have been given wrong information regarding the infrastructure and qualification of the... This "Public relations and advertising" essay outlines the differences between this two mediums of mass communication, their roles and issues. People would indulge in getting education throughout the life and the risks involved while making consumer behavior is immense. Most of the times, the educational institutions use placement and job assistance as the main USPs to attract the students. But many times it has been seen that the promises made by the educational intuitions through the ad and PR campaigns have not been kept. Many times it has also been found that students have been given wrong information regarding the infrastructure and qualification of the faculties of the institutions. Another important factor with regards to misleading information has been the university affiliation. On many occasions it has been found that after passing out of the colleges the students have faced problems during job interviews regarding university affiliation. It has been discussed above that th e modern day educational sector has become very competitive. Due to increased demand various players have entered the market. Hence, in order to attract the students the companies are using ads and public relations. However, in order to get more number of students and generate revenue the ethical aspects of ads in case of educational sectors have come across certain degree of damage (Rao, 2010). The government and various social and media organizations have started to keep a close eye on the ad strategies adopted by the educational institutions.

Contemporary Issues in World Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary Issues in World Politics - Essay Example Everything started in 1988. That year the topic of climate change was more than ever before covered in media, having caused increased public attention to the issue. In the US it was caused by James E. Hansen’s senate speech regarding a threat of global warming. (McCright and Dunlap, 2000: 500) The same year Hansen’s concern was supported by Margaret Thatcher, a Prime Minister of Great Britain at that time, who outlined the possible risks of climate change (Carvalho, 2007: 223-243). The concept of climate change itself, however, wasn’t new to the world at that time. Climate of the planet has always been changing periodically, making people adjust to colder or hotter environment all the time. Probably everyone has heard about so called ‘ice ages’, when great parts of the planet were covered with ice. At the same time, such cold periods were changed by hot ones, like the Medieval Warm Period (A.D. 1000), when most parts of the planet were experiencing hot and dry weather (National Research Council, 2006: 2). During the last 2000 years the most significant climate changes were the mentioned above Medieval Climate Anomaly, the Little Ice Age of 1500-1850, and the warm period of the industrial era, which is lasting during the last 100 years (ibid). These climate changes were caused by various factors, including changes in the planet’s orbit, changes in solar activity, and eruptions of volcanoes. (US Environmental Protection Agency, 2009) The current warming of climate, however, is believed to be much intensified by the influence of human activity that has lead to increased levels of greenhouse gasses emissions. Greenhouse gasses, in their turn, are believed to be the cause of raise in average temperatures on the Earth. David Adam of Guardian outlines that emissions of carbon dioxide produced by human activity are the major cause of the above natural level of greenhouse effect. While before the industrial

Public relations and advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public relations and advertising - Essay Example The main genre is not to sell products but to provide effective messages or ideas. In such cases the ads look to become as an instrument to stimulate the social awareness in the society (Kolb, 2008). Ads related to social services are much more than simple tokenism. Therefore, such ads should have a sign of professional excellence that motivates people towards action. Many veterans marketing and PR professionals have also emphasized upon the fact that it is very important to make sure that ads have an agreed statement which can generate specific and if possible actions (Wenderoth, 2009). Challenges Just like any other medium of mass communication ads and public relations also have certain negative aspects. In the competitive market the advent of various ad agencies along with the arrival of the billions of products, ideas or services to satisfy the needs of the clients. As a matter of fact this seemed to have become the most important objective of the marketers. Various cases of misl eading and false information in ads have been found (Burgemeister, 2003). However, the issues of the false information can have serious consequences in case of educational and public services. Education is lot more different from other products and services. People would indulge in getting education throughout the life and the risks involved while making consumer behavior is immense. Most of the times, the educational institutions use placement and job assistance as the main USPs to attract the students. But many times it has been seen that the promises made by the educational intuitions through the ad and PR campaigns have not been kept. Many times it has also been found that students have been given wrong information regarding the infrastructure and qualification of the... This "Public relations and advertising" essay outlines the differences between this two mediums of mass communication, their roles and issues. People would indulge in getting education throughout the life and the risks involved while making consumer behavior is immense. Most of the times, the educational institutions use placement and job assistance as the main USPs to attract the students. But many times it has been seen that the promises made by the educational intuitions through the ad and PR campaigns have not been kept. Many times it has also been found that students have been given wrong information regarding the infrastructure and qualification of the faculties of the institutions. Another important factor with regards to misleading information has been the university affiliation. On many occasions it has been found that after passing out of the colleges the students have faced problems during job interviews regarding university affiliation. It has been discussed above that th e modern day educational sector has become very competitive. Due to increased demand various players have entered the market. Hence, in order to attract the students the companies are using ads and public relations. However, in order to get more number of students and generate revenue the ethical aspects of ads in case of educational sectors have come across certain degree of damage (Rao, 2010). The government and various social and media organizations have started to keep a close eye on the ad strategies adopted by the educational institutions.

Racial and Ethnic Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Racial and Ethnic Relations - Assignment Example The reason is very obvious. No matter how modern and liberal we have become, we still have not been able to come out of the so-called pride and prejudice system regarding gender and race. In the workplaces and outside, women of Color are always treated as low class citizens. If we survey through organizations, we come to know that white men are given high level job positions while employees of Color, and especially women of another race or other underrepresented minority groups, are given low level positions due to which there often arise interpersonal conflicts and the overall organizational culture gets affected. Complaints by women of Color regarding discrimination are not even heard. Due to this fact, there are a lot of discrimination cases at workplaces that go unidentified because the victims are always sure that they will not be given an ear and their problem will never be solved. The reason for this is that the offender is always someone who is at a higher job level or is of the other gender. This makes the complainant apprehensive about the issue. Women of Color also have to undergo sexual harassment at times.

History of Ergonomics Essay Example for Free

History of Ergonomics Essay Ergonomics refers to the study of the interaction between humans and the environment. This study is aimed at understanding mechanisms that are necessary in order to improve the working conditions of humans. Such working conditions include health, performance and comfort. The study is intended at enhancing strategies that optimize the performance of humans at work. This implies that it focuses on techniques that are required to restructure office etiquette and procedures in order to improve the overall productivity. However, ergonomics is not necessarily limited to office environment as it also encompasses other fields of human life. In a practical perspective, ergonomics is a science concerned with the design of office equipments and artifacts in order to improve the comfort of workers and improve the overall productivity and effectiveness (Gilmore et al. , 1998). An ergonomicist is interested in the study of the interaction between humans and the tools they use in their working environments. The study of ergonomic includes the design of office equipments and space, and the positioning of switches in control rooms. It additionally includes the study of the interaction of the human behavior and their surrounding. This study originated form Greece where the term ergonomics was derived from ergon meaning work and nomos meaning natural law in Greek. Later on a 19th century sociologist Fredrik Taylor invented the term ‘Scientific management’ to gain maximum results in the factory work. Since then, the practice of ergonomics has tremendously developed over time. As the age of space approaches, new factors continue to emerge such as weightlessness and gravitational force. As the modern world progresses into the future, the field of ergonomics continues to become more sophisticated. In the United States, an army personnel known as Alphonse Chapanis in 1943 explained that plane accidents caused by pilot errors could be significantly be reduced by using a more simple and rational cockpit instead of the common control layout (Jubel, 2007). Institutional ergonomics is concerned with the socio-technical aspects of the work environment which refers to the amalgamation of structure, process and organizational strategies. Cognitive ergonomics deals with the psychological perspectives of the workplace which involves the study of ideas, opinion and memory. In academic viewpoint, the study of ergonomics would comprise the knowledge of psychology, engineering and health science. It is therefore necessary for an ergonomicist to possess a bachelors or masters degree in these disciplines. The practice of ergonomics can find use in several aspects of human life such as workplace, home setting, education and sports. The practical study of ergonomics involves the design of working equipments such as computer chairs or keyboards. Other ergonomic discipline involves the study of the environment of the world as is referred to as quantum ergonomics (Gilmore et al. 1998). History of ergonomics In the United States, the field of ergonomic is believed to have originated during the period of the Second World War (Wickens Hollands, 2000), even though developments that led to its inception can be traced back to the 20th century. Before the Second World War, the main focus of the work place was designing humans to adapt to the machines used at work basically referred to trial and error method as opposed to designing the machines used at work to match the requirements of humans. This can be observed form the study conducted by Taylor in which the selection criteria, time and motion studies, training and work rest programs were examined (Taylor, 1911). This study of time and motions was expounded by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (Gilbreth Gilbreth, 1917). Majority of the ergonomic developments were necessitated by military requirements. With the commencement of the First World War, which was the first conflict where airplane was used in combat, there emerged the need to adequately train pilots new mechanisms of war. This necessitated the development of new aviation technologies based on psychology. In addition these trends prompted the emergence of aeromedical research studies. Even though progress was made during this period, the momentum for developing and exploring the discipline further was no achieved since there was lack of vital technological advancements and personnel due to the ongoing Second World War (Meister, 1999). The period between the First World War and the Second World War recorded a significant decline in research, however, some success were realized during this period. Aeromedical research work did not stop during this time which realized advances in several laboratories built across the United States such as the Brooks Air Force Base located in the city of Texas and the Wright Field situated in Ohio. These laboratories were significant in the development of ergonomics. Their study was focused on identification of attributes of successful pilots and establishing the impacts of environment stressors on the performance and productivity of flights. Furthermore, the study of anthropometry which is a field concerned with the measurement of the human body was considerably employed in designing airplanes during this period. Other researches were also being done in the private sector such as the automobile behavioral studies (Forbes, 1939). The emergence of the Second World War, and its accompanied needs, formed the driving force behind the development of the field of ergonomics. First, the demand of mobilizing and recruiting substantial numbers of people both men and women made it very difficult for individuals to specialize in a particular job. Therefore, there was a shift in focus where individual’s capability was designed in order to reduce the negative impacts of their shortcomings. Secondly, the period of the Second World War witnessed the turning point in terms of technological advances. The rapid development of technology outpaced the capability of human to adapt and offset poor designs. This was particularly observed in airplane accidents experienced by vastly trained pilots as a result of problems witnessed with the configuration of the control systems and the instrument displays (Fitts Jones, 1947). In addition, enemy targets were unfortunately missed by machine controlled radars (Wickens Hollands, 2000). Psychologists were employed to experiment and study these emerging issues by employing laboratory mechanisms in order to solve these problems. As a result, the discipline was ergonomics emerged despite the fact that the people involved in its development failed to realize it during this period (Meister, 1999). The two subsequent decades immediate after the Second World War witnessed a growing military research catalyzed largely by the emergence of the cold war. Military research institutions developed during this war were enlarged and new ones created. The private sectors also continued to develop ergonomic groups mainly in aviation and communication, and digital Industry. The Human Factors Society, a professional body mandated to study ergonomics in the United States was established in 1957 and had an approximate of 90 members then who attended the first inaugural meeting. This name was later abolished in 1992 and replaced with the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Currently, this society boasts of over 4500 people, majority of who are participants in the technical groups established under this society, student bodies and attend the yearly meetings. Beginning in the 1960s, the field of ergonomics continued to expand especially in the previously identified areas. This development expanded into new fields such as computer architecture and software, nuclear weaponry, internet technology among others. In the recent past, new areas of study have emerged which includes neuroergonomics and nanoergonomics (Jubel, 2007). Conclusion A persistent premise that has been developed over several decades is the ever increasing center of influence that ergonomics has attempted to encompass, as technological advances continue to emerge. What simply began as a mere detachment of experimental psychology focusing on the interaction and relationship of people with machines in the work place has tremendously expanded to cover almost all aspects of interaction of individuals and their environment. Several researchers have hypothesized about the future of human factors and ergonomics. With the speedy technological advances in such areas as biotechnology and nanotechnology, it would be very exciting to speculate the emerging problems that ergonomics would be called upon to solve in the future (Vicente, 2008). In the today’s modern world, as it was the case during its inception, human factors and ergonomics has still remained a multi disciplinary field of study. In the United States for instance, this discipline has expanded from behavioral sciences including empirical psychology, and some engineering fields of study. Among the countries in the European block, the discipline of human factors and ergonomics has found its stronghold in physical science disciplines such as human physiology. Currently, people from diverse educational backgrounds and disciplines varying from physiology, engineering and psychology have focused their exclusive skills and knowledge in the study of the interaction and relationship of people with systems.

Definition Essay †Defining the Soul of Man -- Definition Essays

Definition Essay – Defining the Soul of Man "Soul" has, historically, always been tied up with morality and religious dogma, and I believe modern neuropsychology and psychobiology has effectively refuted any scientific basis for a "Soul." To state as fact, "The soul exists," one must first socratically define Soul. More on this later: Soul, or Consciousness, is, without a doubt, tied up within the billions of curious things called synapses and cells, deep inside the brain. There are cases of people without consciousness, without the all important "I." Usually this happens through the onset of a coma, or sometimes the hippocampus is damaged. (which is where short-term memory, a necessary component of consciousness, is located.) These people do not function properly, and are unaware of themselves. (this is very difficult for us to comprehend, as we are self-aware, and so cannot place ourselves in an antithetical position.) Upon death, all brain waves, all mental capacities, and all memories are forever lost. These things are all, again without a scientific doubt, stored in the brain-cells, where they are continually accessed when the brain is alive. But with the onset of death, (which is always and without fail the death of the brain,) these things become locked away in the tiny vaults of a billion cells, never to be accessed again. But this does not irrefutably destroy the belief in Soul. It is much more complex, which is unnerving because a thorough explanation demands numerous paragraphs. There are two major religious beliefs on the soul, and though they may seem diametrically opposed, we must remember that our ideas on the soul exist only because of the conditioned acceptance of these religiou... ...ything that exists is energy, (as is the case), then we undeniably have a "soul." But not in the conscious, creative, spiritual sense, only in a semantic sense. Since consciousness is inextricably linked with soul, and we are only conscious while in our bodies, the "immortal soul" theory breaks down. How do we know it is immortal? Support that. Give empirical evidence for it. You can't, so why believe in something that has no support, aside from an old dogma that has been contradicted a thousand times by science and empirical evidence? But, as I said, if "Soul" means nothing more than "Energy," than we have a soul. But the moment "Soul" means anything else, science refutes it. Works Cited Masson, Jeffrey. "When Animals Weep." New York, Delacorte Press, 1995 De Wall, Franz. "Chimpanzee Politics." John Hopkins University Press, 1989.

The Potato And Its Societal Effects Essay -- Essays Papers

The Potato And Its Societal Effects The potato had a great effect in Europe during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. The potato was a part of the Agricultural Revolution that took place during this time. The Agricultural Revolution not only had a great impact on agriculture, but society as well. This revolution caused an increase in population. J.G. Hawkes, author of The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity, and Genetic Resources, notes that the "potato [was] brought to Spain about 1570 by Spanish explorers who discovered it in South America. The potato was grown in the country of Chile. Hawkes also asserts that the potato was most likely brought to England around 1590. However, Redcliffe Salaman, author of The History and Social Influence of the Potato, explains that "the potato was a luxury food in England until the middle of the seventeenth century" (445). The potato helped to revolutionize society. During the eighteenth century the working class of England could not afford bread. Bread prices rose dramatically, but workers wages remained low. This caused a great deal of disease and malnutrition within the working class in England. Salaman notes that "the potato was mainly responsible for remedying this condition amongst the working classes of the country" (435). The potato was used as a substitute for bread because there was a shortage of wheat. The potato helped England to survive a shortage of wheat and bread. The Western Heritage Brief Edition textbook explains that with the potato, "a single acre of land could produce enough potatoes to feed a peasant family for an entire year" (381-82). Salaman offered the evidence of esteemed economist Adam Smith who said, "one acre land under potatoes would yield... ... it was and could not afford food. Potatoes had been the primary source of food for seventy percent of the Irish people. This Famine changed Ireland socially and culturally in many ways. Works Cited - Food and Drink in History: Selections from the Annales. Vol. 5. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1979. 5 vols. - Hawkes, J.G. The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity, and Genetic Resources. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institute Press, 1990.. - Salaman, Redcliffe. The History and Social Influence of the Potato. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. - Szabo, Liz. "Interpreting the Irish Famine, 1846-1850." Liz Szabo’s Home Page. http://avery.med.virginia.edu/~eas5e/Irish/Famine.html (25 March 1998). - The Western Heritage Brief Edition. Vol. 2. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996. 2 vols.

Dining in vs. Dinging Out

Informative Speech Dining Out VS. Dining In INTRODUCTION I. Attention getter/relevance: The Price of food has TRIPLED, Which results in the price of fast food has double just form the past two years. II. Establish Credibility: I have gained knowledge and tips on how to save money by cooking your meals at home by doing so you can save over a 1000$ a month. III. Thesis Statement: By the end of my presentation, you will have the knowledge to cut the cost of food and you will think twice before you visit your local fast food restraint. IV.Preview: The focus of my speech is to give you pointers on how to cut the cost of food, and getting a home cook meal in a convenient amount of time. BODY I: First (signpost), why is preparing food at home less expensive then dining out. The cost of fast food has double in the past two years. A today's economy has changed, meaning that all living expenses like rent food and gas prices has gone up as well. b. Studies has shown that dining out three times a week for a family of four can cost up to 400$. c. Money can be saved by cutting back on dining out and fast food by simply cooking from home. I. 2.Second (signpost) the main reasons why people dining out because of their busy life styles. a. There are many adults that work over 40 hours a week, or has resign back in school or some are doing both all while supporting there families. b. Most people way of thinking is it’s much easier to buy per pared food rather than slave over a hot stove daily. c. Little do they know it’s a lot of things you can cook from home with in convenient amount of time. Transition: Let’s review home cooked meals are cheaper than dining out every night. When you prepare your food from home, your relocked to save over a 1000$ monthly.There are meals that you can prepare at home in a convenient amount of time. II. Continue following format for remainder of main points†¦ CONCLUSION I. Signal/summarize main points: because of today's e conomy living expenses like rent food and gas prices has gone up. Preparing food at home less expensive then dining out. II. Thesis statement/Relate to introduction: Now that you know more information on how to save money and time by cooking a prepped meal at home, I hope that you take what you learned and put it into use. I promise you want be sorry.

Beowulf Essay

English 1001 Beowulf Essay The element of religious tension is common in Anglo-Saxon writings, but a pagan story with a Christian narrator is unusual. â€Å"Much of the poem’s narrative intervention reveals that the poet’s culture was different from that of his ancestors† and also that of his characters (Watson). There are many different perceptions to the reasons why the author wrote Beowulf. The best answer, in my opinion, was that the author was creating a magical and intriguing story that had an underlying theme to it.Christianity was a newly introduced religion to the western Europeans at the time and I believe that someone would have written about it, or at least the conflicts that came with it. This is just a background in which time period the story was told, even more evidence to this interpretation is buried in the actual text. Though still an old pagan story, Beowulf was told by a Christian poet. People believe the epic Beowulf is a story full of pagan tradition. However, Beowulf is really a Christian-based story, in which Christianity prevails. Nature is accommodating; death and fate are controllable; man can reconcile with the world; and the main character, a hero and representative of good, triumphs over evil and does not fail in the end† (Perrello). The way the author incorporated many side notes, of what seemed to be other tales told at the time that may not have ever been saved like this one, was an amazing mystery for our present day historians to try and solve. The beginning of the story is where we find our first sign of Christianity, as the poem goes, â€Å"Afterward a boy-child was born to Shield, a cub in the yard, a comfort sent by God to that nation† (Beowulf 12-14).This child was a blessing for this tribe and was the uprising of their downfall and this is where we see that first conflict between the Heroic Code and Christianity. Complete polar opposites are the two, favoring blood- shed and vengeance, family, and praising the king who led them into battle. Christianity on the other hand is all about showing one another kindness and grace. There must have been confusion when these tribes were first introduced to this way of life. But the more and more these stories of God were told, people’s lives changed and they started to be moved.It’s the idea of God being the creator of the earth that we see next, â€Å"the clear song of a skilled poet telling with mastery of man’s beginnings, how the Almighty had made the earth a gleaming plain girdled with waters† (Beowulf 90-93). Aside from showing that God was creator of all earth, we find that repentance is taking place, â€Å"But blessed is he who after death can approach the Lord and find friendship in the Father’s embrace† (Beowulf 186-188). They were unfamiliar with the Lord and had their many other gods to go to, to seek help for different things.Then they started seeking help from the Lord, who in return gives them calm waters to safely travel back home and the people are extremely grateful and moved by his presence in their lives. In the end, there was a great purpose behind the composition of this difficult and complex storyline. It was in a time of life where everything was done the people’s way. They were reluctant at first when hearing about God but soon saw what he was capable of and ended up following him. Beowulf's claim to kingship is a matter of his military prowess as much as it is by birth.We also learn that what we consider virtues today were not considered at the time. Celibacy, or even monogamy was not of any interest to the Anglo Saxons. It was very acceptable for warriors to have relationships with multiple partners. Also, humility and modesty was seen as a flaw. Not only were heroes expected to be physically brave, strong, and victorious, they were expected to brag about it. A warrior was meant to succeed. Not only to win, but to triumph. The ideal was to have one's stories live on in epic poems, and the only way to assure that was to make sure people knew of one's deeds.It also suggests a bit of the Anglo-Saxon structure. The fact that â€Å"the main action occurs in the Mead Hall, and that people sleep there, shows the importance of this central building† (Bloom). The Beowulf that we read today is unlike the Beowulf with which the first Anglo-Saxon audiences were familiar. Beowulf can be considered â€Å"one of the most compelling stories in the English language†, and most certainly is considered the first English masterpiece to be written (Bloom). â€Å"Originally the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian invaders experienced a large-scale conversion to Christianity at the end of the sixth century† (Perrello).Beowulf is a hero, representing courage, concern for his own people as well as foreign people, and pride. However, this novel shows a lot of controversy. Beowulf is filled with Christian teachings, cu lture, and pagan tradition. The values of the Anglo-Saxons were mainly their faith and their success as a warrior. In Beowulf, warriors were expected to create a self-image of fame. Being a warrior required winning. You had to die an honorable death if you were the loser. Only the best warriors went to Valhalla. They always thought God was in control of fate and nobody can change it because all the decisions have been made.The values of the Anglo-Saxon people didn’t vary along a wide range. They all believed in the same thing, thought the same thing, honored the same people, and stood for who they were as people. â€Å"Nature is accommodating, and the forces of death are controllable. Fate is neither blind, nor random in its choice of victims; rather, fate is likewise dependent on certain criteria, such as the character of the person whom is experiencing fate† (Johnson 18). Their destiny was chosen for them by God and there was nothing they could do to change that.Beow ulf follows the virtues most important to the Anglo-Saxon culture being as their religion, militaristic nature, and values. Beowulf is also a prime example of an Anglo-Saxon literary work. â€Å"The Anglo-Saxon era was defined by a heroic code found in the people of that culture† (Johnson 19). This was exemplified through qualities such as bravery, honor, and strength. In Beowulf, the character of Beowulf depicts an Anglo-Saxon warrior traveling lands and fighting fierce monsters to glorify himself and achieve his ultimate goal of fame. Works Cited â€Å"Beowulf†. The Norton Anthology: English Literature.Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. 8th Ed. New York: Norton, 2006. 26-97. Print Bloom, Harold. â€Å"Background to Beowulf†. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Chelsea House Publishing, 2008. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. Johnson, David and Elaine Treharne, eds. Readings in Medieval Texts: Interpreting Old and Middle English Literature. NY: Oxford University Press, 2005. Perrel lo, Tony. â€Å"Religion in Beowulf†. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. McClinton- Temple. 2011. Web. 5 Feb. 2012. Watson, Robert. â€Å"Beowulf†. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. The Facts on File Conpanion to British Poetry, 2009. Web. 4 Feb. 2012 Beowulf Essay James Robinson 3/18/13 English 12 Beowulf Argument In the poem Beowulf it has been argued whether or not Beowulf shows pagan or Christian values or even both. however if one reads the poem and analysis closely you can see that Beowulf upholds both Christian and pagan values. The bravery and courage that Beowulf became so famous for shows his heroic and pagan values however he also shows Christian values by protecting and treating all of his people equally and by fighting the dragon alone and giving the gold to the people even if he did survive the final battle with the dragon.The dragon that Beowulf fights to the death at the end of the poem shows Beowulf's Christian values because Beowulf agrees to fight the dragon by himself as a selfish act of bravery and love for his people and men. Beowulf tell his men not to help him because he knows the danger he must face and he knows it could be his last battle and doesn't want to put any of his men in danger. In Ogilvy's Beowulf's Heroic de ath Ogilvy agrees that Beowulf fights the dragon alone â€Å"in sake of his men. Beowulf also tells his people not to bury the dragons treasure with him if he dies but to instead give it back to the people. This shows Beowulf compassion and kindness towards his people. If Beowulf only showed Pagan values then he would not have fought the dragon alone and he would have kept the treasure for himself to help better his glory and fame . However Beowulf also shows his pagan values because he boast about killing Grendel which a true Christian would not boast about killing anyone.Beowulf also shows Pagan values because he does his carries out his duty as king to protect the people even though it means his death which a true pagan hero would do. He also tells his men to divide the treasure between the people if he does not survive the battle between the dragon because Pagans believed in gift giving and gold sharing as part of their culture. In Goldsmith's The corruption of Beowulf goldsmit h agrees that Beowulf shows his pagan values of bravery, strength and duty as a king â€Å"his motives where arrogant elf-confidence, and if there is added to it a desire for gain, the hero's bold action is spiritually perilous. Overall this shows Beowulf Pagan values along with his Christian values and how there uphold. The overall understanding of Beowulf is that it could be argued either way of the Pagan and Christian values. However Beowulf really shows us both Pagan and Christian values you just have to analyze the reading for traits that show both the Pagan and Christian values of Beowulf.

Who Won the Civil War: North or South

For the south it was nearly impossible to win the war . The north had many advantageson the south, which created a large difference in the outcome of the Civil War. The North had a bigger population, better leadership, and Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln was a leader of the union, and led them to many great victories with his decision making on generals to lead the Union. The north had many plans to shut down the south, though they often took longer than what was expected of them, so many of them were stopped by generals or were figured out by the south.The south came out fighting Fort Sumpter and Bull Run. The advantages that the south had was that all of the battles were in the south and numbers of people who actually wanted to fight for the south was much higher than the soldiers of the north. The south was fighting to keep their way of life, slavery. The north wanted a new constitution and to obliterate the confederacy. Most of the time the north had better in terms of generals, but not always. The north had good generals, but they also had bad ones.The bad ones were either too scared to fight, or didn't fight fast enough. Ulysses S. Grant was the general that gave the Union the greatest victories. He fought long and hard. He would do anything he possible could to win. The South had a very slim chance to win with this man in charge. The north had more victories and advantages in the war than the south. The durastic effects the south underwent caused them to crumble. Some people say the north won, and some say the south won. The north did everything possible to win the war, and the south could never get anything out of it.

Market Share and Business Revenues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Market Share and Business Revenues - Essay Example The essay "Market Share and Business Revenues" talks about market share and business revenues that are stable based on the diverse successions in the industry. It will be an advantage to the company if they charge a greater cost to their products or by putting in mind that having a bigger market share will yield more company gains.The position of market shares shows companies gain during two different stages in the macroeconomic environment. The outcomes point to that the common of the relationship between MS and BP is established, but the set of major tactical factors are the cause of the differences between MS and BP. Companies benefit from the vast market share that able them to illustrate their product in order to catch the attention and loyalty of their consumers. Large market share is anticipated to give favorable great profit, through providing the companies some shares according to the differentiation of their product, this will allow these companies to join the oligopolistic organization that is strong enough to have a significant impact to some dual limitation of production, by growing the company’s negotiation control in this oligopoly. However, the company’s profit depends on the effectiveness and efficient implementation of strategic operations management in such a way that the customers will be able to pay off the production exceeds thus maximizing the production system of the organization. These operations approach likewise provides opportunities for enhancing product value.