Retail Market Target

Question: What is design and why? What is type of research and why? What is your sample and why?What is the method of data collection and why? More detail and justification please in your final paper. Answer: Introduction Retail market in United Kingdom is a popular industry among the customers. Apple is one of the leading brands in the retail industry with its head quarters at Unites States. The company has 364 retail outlets all over the world (Tupikovskaja-Omovie et al., 2014). The company have various retail stores across United Kingdom. The success of the company depends on the purchase of products by customers, which in turn depends on the satisfaction of the customers. Customers satisfaction is an important part of any business that depends on various factors of the company and their services (Chakravarti Thomas, 2015). In this assignment, the satisfaction of the customers of Apple across United Kingdom would be explored. Various methods of data collection, data interpretation and probable outcome would be given in this research proposal (Wong Lam, 2016). This would give a vivid idea about the probable satisfaction level of the customers and the probable reasons behind it. Aim of the research This research aims to find the satisfaction of the customers of Apple and the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the customers. Satisfaction level of the customers is an important part for the business, as plummet in the customers satisfaction would result to loss in business. Factors that influence the customers satisfaction would also be explored in this research. Objective of the research The objective of the research is as follows: To determine the factors that influences the satisfaction level of the current customers of Apple products across United Kingdom. To determine how does these factors influence the consumers of Apple products in United Kingdom. To find how does the customers satisfaction level influence the business of the company. Research question The research questions are as follows: What are the factors that satisfy the customers of Apple? How do these factors influence the satisfaction level of the customers? How does the satisfaction level of the customers affect the business of the company? Problem statement The problem statement of the research is that the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom is decreasing in the recent years. This had affected the business of the company. Literature review According to the viewpoint of Huang et al., (2013), it was seen that the products of Apple cost a huge sum of money than the products of other company. This results to lesser sale of the products of Apple than the products of other companies. The products of Apple have specific features that are not available for same products of other companies. As per the viewpoint of Sargunani and Bruce, (2015), it was seen that the products produced by Apple have higher resolutions, bigger display screen and advanced operating systems. Phones, laptops and other products produced by Apple provide their users with unique and user-friendly features, which are easily acceptable by the users (Piotrowicz Cuthbertson, 2014). As per the comments of Kumar, (2015), it was found that the iphone of Apple had a special feature of figure print scanner. This feature is unavailable for other phone of different company. This feature had been widely acceptable by the customers and the customers are largely satisf ied by this feature of the phone. As per the opinion of Wong and Lam, (2016), the cost of the products of Apple had been a constraint to the customers. The cost of the products makes it unreachable to many customers. This factor does not let the new technologies reach to the customers of various financial levels from all over the world. As per the opinion of Ayanso and Lertwachara, (2015), it was seen that branding strategy of Apple is an important aspect to attract customers towards their company. This company uses the Apple brand to draw consumers towards their company. They have even captured the consumers electronic industry of the United Kingdom with the products of iPods, distribution of music through iTunes Music Stores, the market of smart phones with the help of Apple iPhones and other applications via AppStores for its different products. This had drawn huge number of customers towards the company; especially the younger generation. United Kingdom, being a developed country, the people is technically advanced. They like the new features and technologies that are available in the devices of Apple. The consumers get the chance to explore new features of the devices and they tend to buy the new products that Apple introduces over the time. On the viewpoint of Taylor et al., (2014), it was found that the consu mers expect new features with the introduction of new models of Apple products to the world. The consumers expect new design and innovative technologies in the products of Apple. According to the comments of Chiu et al., (2013), the company introduces new technologies and improve their designs with the introduction of new products over the time. However, this leads to the increase in the price of the products. The common people could not buy them and they settle down with lesser-priced products that contain similar technology. This had proved harmful to the business of Apple products and they had sometimes failed in their strategies to draw customers. As per the viewpoint of Piotrowicz and Cuthbertson, (2014), promotional strategies play an important role to attract customers towards the company. The consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom are educated and have better financial conditions. They are influenced by the sophisticated advertisement of the products of the companies. This is another strategy that is adopted by the company to draw the attention of the consumers towards them. According to the viewpoint of Berg, (2014), it was seen that adapting this strategy of advertisement had failed to draw their expected amount of customers of United Kingdom to buy the products of Apple. The company had found plummet in their number of consumers in the recent years, which had become a concern for the company (Taylor et al., 2014). The causes for the dip in the number of customers over the recent years are a major concern for the business of the company in United Kingdom. The company wishes to make efforts to raise the number of consumers across United Kingdom, which would help them to develop in their business. Research Methodology The methodology of this research includes various steps that are discussed below: Research design The research would be designed that includes consumers across various age groups and various financial levels. This design would involve collection of primary data across the stores of Apple across United Kingdom by questionnaire method. The store members and the managers of the stores would be involved in this survey and they have to convince the visitors of the stores to fill up the questionnaires for the survey. These data would be used for further analysis. Data and data collection methods The desired data for this research would be the primary data that would be collected on interviewing the consumers who come to the stores of Apple to either purchase or find out about the products. The stores across United Kingdom should be instructed to survey their customers who visit the stores, irrespective of whether they purchase the product of not (Hayes et al., 2014). The stores would be provided with the questionnaire and they must be instructed to help the customers to fill up the questionnaire (Ayanso Lertwachara, 2015). The questionnaire would contain both qualitative and quantitative questions and the consumers would be asked to fill them up according to their opinion. This survey would be done for a period of three months (Piotrowicz Cuthbertson, 2014). Data collected over the different stores of Apple across the United Kingdom over three months would be used for further analysis. Three months of time would be chosen as more time would lead to the change in opinion of people with time. It would be difficult to identify the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the consumers and how does this satisfaction level influence the business of the company. Sample size and sample method A sample size of thirty across twenty stores across United Kingdom would be drawn from the primary data that would be collected from the survey. Twenty stores would be chosen randomly across various parts of United Kingdom. The data collected from these chosen stores would be considered for the survey. Thirty samples would be randomly chosen from these selected stores and they would be used for further analysis (Ayanso Lertwachara, 2015). Thus, the method of random sampling would be used to collect the samples of this research. Method of analysis There are various methods of analysis that would be done on these data in order to find the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the customers in context of the products of Apple. Count of the factors that attract the consumers to the Apple products would give the frequency of the factors (Kennedy, 2013). This would give an idea about the most and least favoured factor of the products that attract the consumers. The method of descriptive statistics would be done, which would give an idea about the average amount of money spent by the consumers to buy electronic devices and the time spent to research about the electronic gadgets (Chiu et al., 2013). Comparative study would also be done in order to find the preference of the products of Apple over the products of other companies (Jaeger et al., 2016). The method of correlation would also be done in order to know how the satisfaction level of the consumers affects the buying behaviour of the products of Apple, which in turn wou ld give the idea about the business of the company in United Kingdom (Montgomerie Roscoe,2013). The method of descriptive statistics would also give an idea about the type of people who usually visit the stores of Apple across United Kingdom and the type of people who us ally purchase these products. The method of descriptive statistics would also provide an idea about the age group of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom (Varley, 2014). The method of frequency distribution would give an idea about the types of professions that influence the purchase of the Apple products. It would also help to give an idea about the economic level of the consumers of the buyers and the visitors and the influence of profession on the purchase of the products of Apple across United Kingdom (Taylor et al., 2014). The method of correlation between the types of profession and the business of the company would also help to give an idea about how the profession of the consumers helps the business of the Apple in United Kingdom (Hayes et al., 2014). Thus, these methods would be used t o analyse the surveyed data and it would give an idea about the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom and how this satisfaction level influences the business of the company across United Kingdom. Conclusion In this assignment, the methods of data collection were suggested to be primary data collection method, which would include all the stores of Apple across the country of United Kingdom. These data would be surveyed with the help of questionnaire method to form the population of the research. The method of random sampling would be applied on this population in order to collect the samples of the data. These collected data would be subjected to various statistical methods like frequency methods, descriptive statistics and methods of correlation. These methods would give an idea about the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom. It would also give an idea about how these factors affect the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products in United Kingdom. These statistical methods would also give an idea about the influence of the satisfaction level of the consumers on the business of the Apple in United Kingdom. References Ayanso, A., Lertwachara, K. (2015). Analyzing Customer Service Technologies for Online Retailing: A Customer Service Life Cycle Approach.Journal of Computer Information Systems,55(4), 73-80. Berg, B. (2014). Introduction. InRetail Branding and Store Loyalty(pp. 1-26). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Chakravarti, A., Thomas, M. (2015). Introduction: hit-or-miss consumer insights. InWhy People (Dont) BUY(pp. 1-6). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Chiu, W. Y., Tzeng, G. H., Li, H. L. (2013). A new hybrid MCDM model combining DANP with VIKOR to improve e-store business.Knowledge-Based Systems,37, 48-61. Hayes, S. G., Tupikovskaja-Omovie, Z., Tyler, D. J., Chandrasekara, S. (2014, January). Segmenting the UK Mobile Fashion Consumer. Association for Information Systems. Huang, L., Hu, C., Zhang, X. (2013). Consumer experience analysis: A case study of Apple Inc. from consumers' perspective in experience marketing. Jaeger, S. R., Antnez, L., Ares, G., Johnston, J. W., Hall, M., Harker, F. R. (2016). Consumers visual attention to fruit defects and disorders: A case study with apple images.Postharvest Biology and Technology,116, 36-44. Kennedy, B. (2013). Retail Marketing Theory In Fashion Retailing Context. Kumar, P. (2015). Factors that determine the shopping behaviour of customers of organized and unorganized retail outlets:-a statistical survey of customer behaviour of shopping in Delhi/NCR.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,5(4), 150-184. Montgomerie, J., Roscoe, S. (2013, December). Owning the consumerGetting to the core of the Apple business model. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 290-299). Elsevier. Piotrowicz, W., Cuthbertson, R. (2014). Introduction to the special issue information technology in retail: Toward omnichannel retailing.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,18(4), 5-16. Sargunani, S. S., Bruce, M. M. J. (2015). Impact of Product and Market Factors on Consumer Behavior: A Study on Personal Computers Purchase.Asian Journal of Applied Sciences,8(1), 92-100. Taylor, S. A., Donovan, L. A. N., Ishida, C. (2014). Consumer Trust and Satisfaction in the Formation of Consumer Loyalty Intentions in Transactional Exchange: The Case of a Mass Discount Retailer.Journal of Relationship Marketing,13(2), 125-154. Tupikovskaja-Omovie, Z., Tyler, D. J., Chandrasekara, S., Hayes, S. (2014, March). Segmenting the UK Mobile Fashion Consumer. InICMB(p. 2). Varley, R. (2014).Retail product management: buying and merchandising. Routledge. Wong, I. A., Lam, I. K. V. (2016). A multilevel investigation of the role of retail stores in cross-border shopping.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 1-17.

Learn How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay Step by Step

Writing a rhetorical analysis essay can be a challenge. This article will provide a clear rhetorical analysis essay definition and rhetorical analysis essay samples. This will also give you the skills you need to write a compelling rhetorical analysis essay. Quick Links 1. What is a Rhetorical Essay? 2. How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay Step by Step 2.1 Understanding your Topic 2.2 Collect Information 2.3 Rhetorical Analysis Essay Structure 2.3.1 Writing the Introductory Paragraph 2.3.2 Writing the Body Paragraphs 2.3.3 Writing the Concluding Paragraph 2.4 Rhetorical Analysis Essay Tips 3. Rhetorical Analysis Essay Topics 3.1 Literature Rhetorical Analysis Essay Topics 3.2 Sports Rhetorical Analysis Essay Topics 3.3 Consumerism Rhetorical Analysis Essay Topics 4. Find the Right Professional Help 1. What is a Rhetorical Essay? A rhetorical essay analyzes different parts of a literary work, a book, a drama, speech or any other writing piece. Such essays focus mainly on non-fiction work, and analyze it critically. Rhetorical analysis is a system of breaking down written text into its many parts. Then providing perspectives on each of those parts. But before you begin to write and analyze any written text, you must critically think about the elements of the text. That requires critical thinking and examining the words used in a given text and how they influence the reader. Rhetorical essays seek a deeper look into the use of language, its intentions, and its perception by the audience. A rhetorical analysis doesn't focus on whether or not you agree with the author's point of view. Rather, a rhetorical analysis dissects and appraises the manner in which that point of view is presented. It makes a conclusion as to the effectiveness of the text with respect to its intention. Did the author succeed in delivering his message? If so, what elements contributed to that success? If the intended communication faltered in any way, how did the language fall short of its intended purpose? Examine the techniques used by the author and their effect upon the reader. The presentation of proof and a promising opinion make it critical for the students. Writing a rhetorical essay requires a high degree of literacy and the ability to analyze the use of language. It also requires an awareness of the subject matter topics being discussed in the original piece which you are reviewing. 2. How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay Step by Step When you encounter something for the first time, it's natural that you do not know anything about it. You may feel overwhelmed but it's completely okay. It happens and it will settle down once you are familiar with the task at hand. 2.1 Understanding your Topic To write a rhetorical analysis essay, you need to understand the topic and the work that you are considering. As a writer, your job is to research and analyze it from a different perspective. Then add your own explanation to it. For the readers, it is important to reveal the rhetorical aspects of the topic and analyze them from different angles. Something that makes literature, fiction and nonfiction interesting is that it is usually open ended. You can use your judgement to form meaning of it. However, be careful that whatever you say is backed with reason and proper proof. Instead of taking on the topic, as a whole, break it into bits and pieces and deal with each section separately. Once you have divided your topic into parts, determine the relationship between different parts. Also check how they influence the work, as a whole. A tricky part about writing rhetorical essays is choosing the right topic. If your professor was kind enough to assign a topic, you're good to go. If not, you can head on to our essay topic generator and find compelling topics. 2.2 Collect Information The next step when writing a rhetorical essay is to gather all the necessary information. Answering these questions will provide the essential guidelines to follow as you begin your composition: What is the author's goal in presenting the text? What are the primary ideas highlighted by the writer in the text? Which issue is raised by the author? Who is the author(s) of the text under analysis? What is the target audience of the author (location, age, gender)? How is the essential theme reflected in the text? Has the author successfully managed to convey the message? Which methods were utilized by the author to communicate the objectives? 2.3 Rhetorical Analysis Essay Structure Just like any other academic essay, rhetorical analysis essay also has an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion Let's find out what information to present in these paragraphs, shall we? 2.3.1 Writing the Introductory Paragraph The introduction is an important part of any essay. It acts like a roadmap and sets the tone of the entire paper. To start a rhetorical analysis essay introduction, discuss the main ideas, goals and purpose of the essay. Also, include the rhetorical techniques you will use to define and analyze different concepts and ideas. 2.3.2 Writing the Body Paragraphs The body is the flesh and blood that makes up the entire essay. It comprises important information and arguments, and answers several questions. Divide each body paragraph according to different ideas and identify the ethos, pathos and logos in the work. Each paragraph must have just one claim and evidence to support it. 2.3.3 Writing the Concluding Paragraph To conclude a rhetorical analysis essay, summarize the main ideas and arguments mentioned throughout the essay and restate your thesis statement. And don't forget to provide your opinion about whether or not the original text was effective. If you need more information to outline for your essay, visit our blog on writing a rhetorical analysis essay outline. 2.4 Rhetorical Analysis Essay Tips Don't focus on proving your point, rather, analyze the text. Write your essay in present tense. Use correct transitions. Recheck the paper once you are done writing. Edit and fix the mistakes. Also, use the following persuasive methods: Ethos Relying on the author's personal experience. Pathos Use of feelings to arouse emotions among the readers. Logos Use of rational and logical approach with facts, statistics and strong arguments to convince the readers. 3. Rhetorical Analysis Essay Topics Here is our list of top 10 rhetorical analysis topics to assist you in making the right choice. 3.1 Literature Rhetorical Analysis Essay Topics Rhetorical Analysis of "Pride And Prejudice" Rhetorical Analysis of "The Fault in Our Stars" "The Odyssey" And "Beowulf" The symbolism of Bullfighting In "The Sun Also Rises" by Ernest Hemingway 3.2 Sports Rhetorical Analysis Essay Topics Rhetorical Analysis of Presidential Sports Encomia Rhetorical Analysis of Symbolic Power of Sports Rhetorical Analysis on the use of steroids 3.3 Consumerism Rhetorical Analysis Essay Topics Rhetorical Analysis of the Commercials and the Media "Electronic Media and Culture" Rhetorical Analysis Environment and Consumerism Analysis 4. Find the Right Professional Help Anyone can develop superior writing skills. Like learning to play a musical instrument, however, it takes consistent practice over time. If you want to write well, you need to read a lot and you need to write a lot. You need to identify errors and learn to correct them in your own writing. The writing professionals at 5StarEssays are here to help you improve your skills for writing assignments. When you reach out to 5StarEssays, you're always guaranteed 100% original research and error-free original writing. It can be difficult to choose among the many academic writing services available in today's diverse online environment. Be sure you're dealing only with proven professionals who have years of experience in providing high-quality rhetorical analysis essays. The professional essay writers at 5StarEssays deliver guaranteed satisfaction with zero plagiarism and original work that you can be proud of. Feel free to contact us in case of any queries or questions - because we are here for you!

Metal Detectors - Persuasive Paper essays

Metal Detectors - Persuasive Paper essays Persuasive Paper Period 1 I am writing you in response to having metal detectors at school. I know that this is a good idea. It is good for many reasons such as keeping students in-line, enforcing school rules, and keeping schools from being a victim of school violence. The main reason for having metal detectors is safety. Security and assurance of safety in schools is decreasing rapidly as seen on TV or read in newspapers. Metal detectors would provide much more security at our schools. Metal detectors would also help us avoid a big accident such as Columbine; it would keep people with guns from entering our school. This would make everyone from parent to teacher to student feel much safer. As far as being irritating and troublesome for as many students as we have at Heights. I know that we would need many detectors and place them where there is a lot of space so that it would not cause a huge crowd of people trying to get into school. We could put them at many doors not just the breezeways. Then we also have the question of what students can and cannot bring. Also students need to know exactly what the punishment is for different offences and what teachers need to do for problems. To implement having metal detectors at schools we would need to clearly circumscribe what you can bring to school and the punishment for those who transgress these rules. In conclusion metal detectors are a very advantageous idea at schools. I also know that there would be many bugs and problems that would be simple to work out. ...

John Duffy Railway Rapist Essays

John Duffy Railway Rapist Essays John Duffy Railway Rapist Paper John Duffy Railway Rapist Paper Offender profiling is a general term that has no accepted definition and varies in its use between the USA and the UK. It is based on three strands of expertise: statistical analysis of crime data, behavioural science, and detective expertise. Psychological profiling was in fact used in the Second World War to profile enemy leaders to see if they had weaknesses that could be exploited for example, William Langers profile of Hitler and his accurate prediction of suicide after defeat (Langer, 1972). Traditionally police collected hard evidence from the scene of a crime, such as blood, saliva and semen. Other less concrete indicators might be ignored, such as the choice of victim, what was said or not said, the location and the nature of the assault. Psychologists help police to interpret these clues. The basic assumption of offender profiling is that the offenders behaviour at the crime scene reflects something about them as a person. It leaves a psychological fingerprint, particularly where there is a pattern over a number of crimes. For example, tying up a victim suggests a need for control. The aim is to go beyond the facts and develop hypotheses about the offender. The information used includes the analysis of the crime scene, details of the victim and current knowledge about offenders from research. Holmes (1989) suggests that profiling is most useful when the crime reflects psychopathology, such as sadistic assaults. 90% of profiling is for murder or rape, but can be used for arson, burglary, and robbery. Homant and Kennedy (1998) see crime-scene profiling as including psychological profiling of offenders, geographical profiling (the area of the crime and where the offender may live) and, in the case of murder, equivocal death analysis (how the murder was committed, and a psychological autopsy of the victim). The overall aim is to look for patterns and to compare them to what is known about certain crimes and criminals. The British Approach was developed independently of the police authorities from the separate work of David Canter and Paul Britton. There is some debate about which case was the first in Britain to use profiling. Many see Paul Brittons help in the 1983 case of Paul Bostock as the first time a psychologist was used to profile the offender. This case involved two separate murders with black magic associations found near the victims. Britton gave a limited profile to the police of a young, isolated man, who had access to knives, with an obsession for black magic (what Britton called a belief dysfunction). The police eventually arrested Bostock, who was a nineteen-year-old loner, a meat factory worker, with a house full of black magic items. He did not confess to the murders, so Britton advised a line of questioning based on Bostocks fantasies, which proved fruitful. The first well-known case in Britain to involve direct help to the police in profiling came in 1986, when David Canter started to help in the case of the Railway Rapist. This case involved 24 sexual assaults near railways in North London, and three murders (between 1982 and 1986). All the crimes showed signs of having the same offender. The first attacks were rapes, which initially were thought to be the work of two offenders together. Then the pattern became clear, and with the later murders, it was definitely one man. Canter was able to analyse the details and drew up the profile. Main points of Canters profile; Lived in area near to area of first crimes. Probably lives with woman. Aged mid-to late-20s. Right-handed. Semi-skilled or skilled job with weekend work, but relatively isolated work. Knowledge of railways. Previous criminal record for violence (maybe arrested between October 1982 and January 1984). Characteristics of offender; Lived in area suggested. Recently separated from wife. Aged late 20s. Right-handed. Travelling carpenter. Worked for British Rail. Raped wife at knife point. David Canter (1994) believes that criminals, like most people behave consistently. An analysis of the pattern of behaviour observed over a number of crimes committed by a serial offender will give clues about the non-offending everyday behaviour of the criminal. We all operate within a social context and so Canter believes that offences are not separate behaviours from the rest of the offenders life but rather are directly linked to their everyday interactions. Interviews with victims about things that were said at the time of the crime could give an indication of how the criminal normally interacts with others. For example, a rapist who is hesitant and apologetic to his victim could well be committing the rape because he does not know how to go about forming a genuine close relationship with a woman in his everyday life. The British approach involves advising police officers about correlations between sets of data, such as time, place and choice of victim. Canter identified five characteristics which, they believe can aid investigations Residential Location Criminal Biography Domestic/Social Characteristics Personal Characteristics Occupational/Educational History Canter believes that during the crime vital clues are left behind and the distinctive personality of the offender shows through in some ways. Thus, it is thought that the way in which the crime is committed is in part a reflection of the everyday traits and behaviour of the individual. The interaction between the offender and the victim is thus studied closely and categorised. Canter believes that by this careful study of offence behaviour, patterns can be established and variations between offenders identified. However unlike the FBI approach, Canter does not attempt to place offenders into rigid typologies, but rather suggests that their behaviour will mirror other aspects of their day-to-day life. Canter (1994) describes his task as picking from the shadows left by the criminals, those consistent patterns in behaviour. What happens during the offence can give clues to the non-offending parts of their lives. There will also be evidence from the interaction between the victim and the offender because we are social beings even in such unusual situations. For example, murderers who kill a stranger without any interaction are likely to live a solitary life (Canter, 1989). Other important factors may be the choice of victim, location, nature of the crime and what is/isnt said, and forensic awareness of the offender, like rapists who force victims to bathe after the attack to remove any evidence of pubic hairs. One aspect of profiling that is often overlooked is the methodological collection of data and statistical analysis. Often the profiler is no more than a glorified statistician. Canter and Heritage (1990) combed through the victim statements of 66 UK sexual assaults and with sophisticated statistics were able to identify clear patterns in the form of the attack. It is possible to group how the victim is treated in three ways, each giving a clue to the offender. Victim as person involving conversation during the attack asking whether the woman has a boyfriend, or complimenting her on her appearance. This type of offender believes he is developing some type of relationship with the victim, and mistakenly believes, the sexual assault produces intimacy. Victim as object blindfolding and/or gagging the victim, while the offender tends to be disguised. The offender is concerned most with control in the interaction of the rape. The woman is seen as a dangerous object that must be trussed and coerced (Canter, 1994). Victim as vehicle violence (both physical and verbal), which demeans the victim. The actions here are a reflection of the offenders anger. This emphasis on statistical patterns has led to the creation of a database called CATCHEM (Central Analytical Team Collating Homicide Expertise and Management). The database contains details of over 4,000 child murders, which allows police officers to make statistical predictions about the killer. For example, 62% of killers of females under seventeen are single, but 83% if the victim is male and under sixteen. If the childs body is found without sexual interference, there is around a 70% likelihood that the killer is the guardian or parent, but when there is sexual interference, this figure drops to 1% -2 % (Murder in Mind, 1993). In the UK there seems to have been some resistance to profiling by the police because psychologists have been viewed as outsiders and not being able to offer anything more than what a could practitioner (eg, detective) could. Geberth (1983) feels that experts have very little to say compared with what experienced police officers are likely to work out for themselves. Holmes (1989) reports that out of 192 offender In the UK the ability of profiling to accurately identify a culprit is felt to be limited. Copson and Holloway (1997) in a survey found that detectives felt that profiling led to the identification of the offender in only 2.7% of cases and helped to solve 16% of cases. Pinizzotto and Finkel (1990) attempted to discover whether professional profilers would be more accurate than detectives, clinical psychologists and students. They asked the participants to examine two closed police cases (a sex offence and a murder) and to draw up profiles. What they found was that the profilers did indeed produce richer and more detailed profiles and in relation to the sex offence, they were more accurate than non-profilers, but the detectives were more accurate on the murder case. Pinizzotto and Finkel concluded that the success of the profilers was the result of both confidence and experience rather than the use of an exclusive technique. The implications would therefore be that both training and practical experience are vital in developing profiling expertise and that productive liaison between the police and psychologists is the way forward in order to achieve both investigative and clinical objectives. There are a number of misconceptions about profiling, usually based on its fictional use and psycho-dynamic portraits of politicians. Rarely does profiling provide the specific identity of the offender, and this is not its purpose. The aim is to narrow the field of the investigation and suggest the type of person who committed the crime (Douglas et al, 1986). The profile report will try to establish the gender, approximate age, marital status, educational level and details of possible occupation of the offender. There may be suggestions of whether this person has a previous police record and if another offence is likely. Whether profiling is effective or not is a key question, and historically there are famous successes and failures. One of the best-known failures in America was the case of Albert DeSalvo (known as the Boston Strangler). A profile suggested the offender was a male homosexual schoolteacher living alone. When arrested, DeSalvo was found to be a heterosexual construction worker living with his family. In the UK, the Rachel Nickell case is seen as a failure of offender profiling. Rachel Nickell was a young woman who was brutally murdered in mid-morning while walking on Wimbledon Common in south London. As part of the investigation into the killing, a profile was commissioned from a psychologist. A suspect was eventually identified and it was noted that he seemed to fit the profile well. An elaborate operation, drawing partly but not only on the profile, was put together in which a police woman befriended the socially isolated and inadequate suspect, offering the promise of an intimate re lationship in exchange for descriptions of his sexual fantasies and a confession that he murdered the woman on the Common. The confession was not forthcoming, but he was still arrested. The case fell apart. Pinizzotto and Finkel (1990) argue that profiling is most effective in serial sexual offences because of the extensive research base, and least effective for fraud, burglary, robbery, theft and drug-induced crimes. Holmes (1989) feels that it is most useful when there is a psychopathology involved, such as sadistic assault. Holmes (1989) cites FBI data, which reveal that in 192 cases of profile generation in 1981, arrests were made in 88, but in only 17% of these did the profile contribute to the arrest. Others ( Oleson, 1996) point out that the seminal work of the FBI in establishing offender profiling may be methodologically flawed since no control groups were used to compare the evidence obtained from interviews with offenders and there is no mention of the statistical techniques used to analyse their data. Moreover, much of the evidence used by the FBI was simply information obtained in interviews with offenders and was accepted at face value. More recent research has made greater claims for the usefulness of offender profiling (for example, approximately 80% of cases solved were helped by offender profiling according to Canter and Heritage, 1990). In the UK, a survey of detectives in 48 police forces, who had worked with offender profiling concluded that identification of the offender came in 2.7% of cases and general help in 16% (Copson, 1995). What the survey did find was variety in the individuals who did the profiling. Those involved included clinical psychologists, forensic psychiatrists, academic psychologists, clinical psychiatrists, forensic psychologists and consultant therapists. The skill of the individual profiler determined whether the police officers were satisfied with profiling generally. Indeed the research suggests that, at this stage of the development of profiling in Britain, approaches to profiling are idiosyncratic (Copson, 1995). Britton (1997) also admits that a large number of cases continue to be solved, not by profiling, but by routine police work, or the use of forensic evidence. However we should also be aware that police officers may be reluctant to admit that outsiders have helped to solve a crime. Profiling does at least allow the police to better focus their investigations. This can be important for as Canter (1994) has noted the alternative is that the police will simply throw more and more resources at a crime in the hope that something will turn up. Nevertheless Jackson et al (1997) conclude that when profiles are considered as a separate entity, they seldom, if ever, offer enough foundation to guide an investigation in a new direction. They conclude that any profile should be accompanied by practical advice on how best to proceed with a particular investigation. We should also be aware of the danger of the self-fulfilling prophecy with respect to profiling. Detectives should bear in mind that a profile may well fit a number of people and may not be totally accurate. The fact that a suspect happens to fit the profile does not prove that they committed the offence. There may be several people who share the suspects make-up and so the police should be cautious before making a presumption of guilt. This issue is most likely to be created because psychologists will tend to work on probabilities whereas police may be more likely to operate in absolute terms of guilt and innocence. The danger is that once a person has been labelled as a suspect and brought in for questioning, the police will make a presumption of guilt and see their role as merely to elicit a confession. There is little good scientific research to which one can turn in trying to answer the question of how useful profiling is. Success or failure are not so easily measured when one is dealing with the sort of material used in profiling. If a profilers information proves to be 50% accurate and 50% inaccurate should this be counted as a success or a failure? In addition if any information provided by a profiler is used that helps in catching a criminal is this success, even if the rest of the information provided was useless? A related issue to this is that profile details may only be considered as useful if it provides a type of detail, which the police could not have reasonably deduced, for themselves.

Preventing Fraud, Waste, and abuse Simulation Essay

Preventing Fraud, Waste, and abuse Simulation - Essay Example The outcome of a simulation is difficult to determine especially in terms of benefits and the cost since most of the ocassio0ns that call for its applications are very challenging and may involve a long-term use. A range of motivating forces and execution machinery can be expected to push simulation forward, together with professional societies, legal responsibility insurers, medical care payers, and in due course the general public. The prospects of simulation in healthcare fully rely on the dedication and resourcefulness of the healthcare simulation community to see that enhanced patient well-being by means of this instrument becomes a reality. With the increased federal and state government expenditure on health care each year, the concerns of fraud and abuse also increase. A lot of money has been lost to fraud and abuse allegations with CMS estimating about 15 to 25 US dollars per year in Medicaid fraud and close to 1.1 US dollars were recovered in 2005 in false health care claims. It is with this in mind that all pharmacies have been called upon to safeguard any possible abuse, fraud, and waste. It is the obligation of any company to protect itself against fraud, abuse, and waste and try to eliminate it completely. Several companies have put in place some policies and procedures that are used to fight fraud, abuse, and waste. It’s the obligation of every employee of an organization to put a stop to fraud, abuse, and waste, failure to do so may result in the following; For individual involvement in either of the scandals, the repercussions include disciplinary actions that may even call for job termination. It is, therefore, necessary that everybody in the company is conversant with the knowledge of fraud which include how to identify fraud and abuse, prevention, and reporting of abuse and fraud.

Description case in the healthcare system Essay

Description case in the healthcare system - Essay Example The pains did not stop if anything they were becoming worse by the minute and I had no one coming to check on me as promised. Judging by the wall clock in my white-walled room, it had been over two hours since my admission and not a single soul had come by to check my vitals despite it being at night and hence not many patients were being attended to. The sight of the pure white walls was sickening and I could not let the thought of how depressing they were away. With every pain in my stomach, groin and I guess the whole body; I shuddered and let out a scream full of agony to signify my current state. I could not take it anymore, I had to press that bell and call for help. Twenty minutes after pressing the so-called emergency bell, a tall burly-looking like nurse appeared on my door half drowsy and I could tell by her facial expression that she was not happy to be woken up by a screaming pregnant lady or even a truly dying patient. That was to be proved a few seconds later when she s aid: â€Å"what is it that you want?† I was in too much pain to think about it then (but thinking about it now, that was a rude remark).I explained to her my predicaments and the promise of the doctor being there soon to check on me but had seen no one for over two hours and the pain was getting worse by the minute. She just looked at me with this unbelievable expression in her eyes and just left without uttering a single word. So I decided to wait for that conversation with the mean-looking nurse got me no one.

HR Management and Motivation Essay Example for Free

HR Management and Motivation Essay High employee motivation is a function of many internal and external factors and can be intrinsically or extrinsically led. Many employers feel that the real objective of the supervisor or HR manager is to ensure that employees are intrinsically motivated. This is because such an employee works hard on his job because he enjoys it and wants to do it, and he may continue to do so regardless of extrinsic rewards to a certain extent (Schop, 2). I myself faced a situation recently where I had immense drive and enthusiasm to do that work and it was majorly sourced by intrinsic motivation. One of my professors was starting a community welfare club and requested students to join in as volunteers. We had to go to different organizations that worked with special people and spend time with them and do various activities. I joined in as a volunteer as well and started at a school that worked for the rehabilitation of special children. The first day was an eye opener for me. There were kids of all ages there, handicapped in some way or the other, and yet they were the sweetest and the most adorable children. Not only had I felt thankful to God for making me such a complete human being and for bestowing such blessings on me, but I also felt deeply for those children. I started visiting them twice a week and did various different activities with them for hours. Time always flew by quickly and all the children would hug and kiss me when I was leaving. After leaving that place, I always felt a strange sense of tranquility over me and great personal satisfaction. It was a great feeling to be doing something for those who are less privileged than us. The love they showed me, the thankfulness in their gestures and the smiles in the eyes was enough to take me there every other day. I started to love spending time there with those people, and started to visit them more and more regularly, taking various things with me for them. From twice a week to thrice, I started spending ten to fifteen hours a week over there. This was all because I loved going there and enjoyed every minute I spent there. The pleasure, the comfort and the satisfaction after spending time there intrinsically motivated me. Seeing my dedication, my professor made me the leader of the volunteers working there, which added to my motivation. He gave me full autonomy and freedom to decide and plan activities, shifts and rotations. I had a chance to introduce more fun activities there for the children and plan the work of volunteers, and this also added to my motivation. Encouraging leadership and responsibility opportunities serves as one of the true motivators (N. a, 3) and proves to be very encouraging for the worker. Not only this, my professor also from time to time encouraged me and complimented me on my efforts. These things added to the drive I already had because the appreciation made me feel even nicer about my work. I was then asked to expand our volunteer network and organize a proper recruitment drive from various other schools and colleges. I planned the whole process with my team and we went to different institutions and did interviews. The entire responsibility for this was on me and I this again served as a great motivation tool. I started worked harder and harder on it and gave in my full energy and dedication to this activity. My professor was highly impressed by my drive and the contributions I was making to his cause. At the annual dinner for students, he gave me a certificate of appreciation for being the most effective contributor in front of the entire student and faculty body. I felt a great moment of pride at that point and it further instilled in me the drive to work for this cause. I still volunteer for the children and our network of volunteers, which started from fifteen students, has now expanded to over a sixty students. My motivation was highly intrinsic and self instilled because of the satisfaction I got from doing something for those people. But it was also complemented and enhanced by my professor who from time to time encouraged me, and added to my drive by giving me an opportunity to exercise freedom and autonomy. The reward in the end was an extrinsic tool that also encouraged me to further pursue it with more energy and enthusiasm.